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166
Scripts/reporter_lib/py37/urllib3/__init__.py Normal file
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"""
Python HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post support, user friendly, and more
"""
from __future__ import annotations
# Set default logging handler to avoid "No handler found" warnings.
import logging
import typing
import warnings
from logging import NullHandler
from . import exceptions
from ._base_connection import _TYPE_BODY
from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict
from ._version import __version__
from .connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool, connection_from_url
from .filepost import _TYPE_FIELDS, encode_multipart_formdata
from .poolmanager import PoolManager, ProxyManager, proxy_from_url
from .response import BaseHTTPResponse, HTTPResponse
from .util.request import make_headers
from .util.retry import Retry
from .util.timeout import Timeout
# Ensure that Python is compiled with OpenSSL 1.1.1+
# If the 'ssl' module isn't available at all that's
# fine, we only care if the module is available.
try:
import ssl
except ImportError:
pass
else:
if not ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION.startswith("OpenSSL "): # Defensive:
warnings.warn(
"urllib3 v2.0 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+, currently "
f"the 'ssl' module is compiled with {ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION!r}. "
"See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3020",
exceptions.NotOpenSSLWarning,
)
elif ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO < (1, 1, 1): # Defensive:
raise ImportError(
"urllib3 v2.0 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+, currently "
f"the 'ssl' module is compiled with {ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION!r}. "
"See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2168"
)
# === NOTE TO REPACKAGERS AND VENDORS ===
# Please delete this block, this logic is only
# for urllib3 being distributed via PyPI.
# See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2680
try:
import urllib3_secure_extra # type: ignore # noqa: F401
except ModuleNotFoundError:
pass
else:
warnings.warn(
"'urllib3[secure]' extra is deprecated and will be removed "
"in urllib3 v2.1.0. Read more in this issue: "
"https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2680",
category=DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
__author__ = "Andrey Petrov (andrey.petrov@shazow.net)"
__license__ = "MIT"
__version__ = __version__
__all__ = (
"HTTPConnectionPool",
"HTTPHeaderDict",
"HTTPSConnectionPool",
"PoolManager",
"ProxyManager",
"HTTPResponse",
"Retry",
"Timeout",
"add_stderr_logger",
"connection_from_url",
"disable_warnings",
"encode_multipart_formdata",
"make_headers",
"proxy_from_url",
"request",
"BaseHTTPResponse",
)
logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(NullHandler())
def add_stderr_logger(
level: int = logging.DEBUG,
) -> logging.StreamHandler[typing.TextIO]:
"""
Helper for quickly adding a StreamHandler to the logger. Useful for
debugging.
Returns the handler after adding it.
"""
# This method needs to be in this __init__.py to get the __name__ correct
# even if urllib3 is vendored within another package.
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
handler = logging.StreamHandler()
handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s"))
logger.addHandler(handler)
logger.setLevel(level)
logger.debug("Added a stderr logging handler to logger: %s", __name__)
return handler
# ... Clean up.
del NullHandler
# All warning filters *must* be appended unless you're really certain that they
# shouldn't be: otherwise, it's very hard for users to use most Python
# mechanisms to silence them.
# SecurityWarning's always go off by default.
warnings.simplefilter("always", exceptions.SecurityWarning, append=True)
# InsecurePlatformWarning's don't vary between requests, so we keep it default.
warnings.simplefilter("default", exceptions.InsecurePlatformWarning, append=True)
def disable_warnings(category: type[Warning] = exceptions.HTTPWarning) -> None:
"""
Helper for quickly disabling all urllib3 warnings.
"""
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", category)
_DEFAULT_POOL = PoolManager()
def request(
method: str,
url: str,
*,
body: _TYPE_BODY | None = None,
fields: _TYPE_FIELDS | None = None,
headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
preload_content: bool | None = True,
decode_content: bool | None = True,
redirect: bool | None = True,
retries: Retry | bool | int | None = None,
timeout: Timeout | float | int | None = 3,
json: typing.Any | None = None,
) -> BaseHTTPResponse:
"""
A convenience, top-level request method. It uses a module-global ``PoolManager`` instance.
Therefore, its side effects could be shared across dependencies relying on it.
To avoid side effects create a new ``PoolManager`` instance and use it instead.
The method does not accept low-level ``**urlopen_kw`` keyword arguments.
"""
return _DEFAULT_POOL.request(
method,
url,
body=body,
fields=fields,
headers=headers,
preload_content=preload_content,
decode_content=decode_content,
redirect=redirect,
retries=retries,
timeout=timeout,
json=json,
)

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Scripts/reporter_lib/py37/urllib3/_base_connection.py Normal file
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from __future__ import annotations
import typing
from .util.connection import _TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS
from .util.timeout import _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, _TYPE_TIMEOUT
from .util.url import Url
_TYPE_BODY = typing.Union[bytes, typing.IO[typing.Any], typing.Iterable[bytes], str]
class ProxyConfig(typing.NamedTuple):
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None
use_forwarding_for_https: bool
assert_hostname: None | str | Literal[False]
assert_fingerprint: str | None
class _ResponseOptions(typing.NamedTuple):
# TODO: Remove this in favor of a better
# HTTP request/response lifecycle tracking.
request_method: str
request_url: str
preload_content: bool
decode_content: bool
enforce_content_length: bool
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
import ssl
from typing_extensions import Literal, Protocol
from .response import BaseHTTPResponse
class BaseHTTPConnection(Protocol):
default_port: typing.ClassVar[int]
default_socket_options: typing.ClassVar[_TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS]
host: str
port: int
timeout: None | (
float
) # Instance doesn't store _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, must be resolved.
blocksize: int
source_address: tuple[str, int] | None
socket_options: _TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS | None
proxy: Url | None
proxy_config: ProxyConfig | None
is_verified: bool
proxy_is_verified: bool | None
def __init__(
self,
host: str,
port: int | None = None,
*,
timeout: _TYPE_TIMEOUT = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
source_address: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
blocksize: int = 8192,
socket_options: _TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS | None = ...,
proxy: Url | None = None,
proxy_config: ProxyConfig | None = None,
) -> None:
...
def set_tunnel(
self,
host: str,
port: int | None = None,
headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
scheme: str = "http",
) -> None:
...
def connect(self) -> None:
...
def request(
self,
method: str,
url: str,
body: _TYPE_BODY | None = None,
headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
# We know *at least* botocore is depending on the order of the
# first 3 parameters so to be safe we only mark the later ones
# as keyword-only to ensure we have space to extend.
*,
chunked: bool = False,
preload_content: bool = True,
decode_content: bool = True,
enforce_content_length: bool = True,
) -> None:
...
def getresponse(self) -> BaseHTTPResponse:
...
def close(self) -> None:
...
@property
def is_closed(self) -> bool:
"""Whether the connection either is brand new or has been previously closed.
If this property is True then both ``is_connected`` and ``has_connected_to_proxy``
properties must be False.
"""
@property
def is_connected(self) -> bool:
"""Whether the connection is actively connected to any origin (proxy or target)"""
@property
def has_connected_to_proxy(self) -> bool:
"""Whether the connection has successfully connected to its proxy.
This returns False if no proxy is in use. Used to determine whether
errors are coming from the proxy layer or from tunnelling to the target origin.
"""
class BaseHTTPSConnection(BaseHTTPConnection, Protocol):
default_port: typing.ClassVar[int]
default_socket_options: typing.ClassVar[_TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS]
# Certificate verification methods
cert_reqs: int | str | None
assert_hostname: None | str | Literal[False]
assert_fingerprint: str | None
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None
# Trusted CAs
ca_certs: str | None
ca_cert_dir: str | None
ca_cert_data: None | str | bytes
# TLS version
ssl_minimum_version: int | None
ssl_maximum_version: int | None
ssl_version: int | str | None # Deprecated
# Client certificates
cert_file: str | None
key_file: str | None
key_password: str | None
def __init__(
self,
host: str,
port: int | None = None,
*,
timeout: _TYPE_TIMEOUT = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
source_address: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
blocksize: int = 16384,
socket_options: _TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS | None = ...,
proxy: Url | None = None,
proxy_config: ProxyConfig | None = None,
cert_reqs: int | str | None = None,
assert_hostname: None | str | Literal[False] = None,
assert_fingerprint: str | None = None,
server_hostname: str | None = None,
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
ca_certs: str | None = None,
ca_cert_dir: str | None = None,
ca_cert_data: None | str | bytes = None,
ssl_minimum_version: int | None = None,
ssl_maximum_version: int | None = None,
ssl_version: int | str | None = None, # Deprecated
cert_file: str | None = None,
key_file: str | None = None,
key_password: str | None = None,
) -> None:
...

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Scripts/reporter_lib/py37/urllib3/_collections.py Normal file
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from __future__ import annotations
import typing
from collections import OrderedDict
from enum import Enum, auto
from threading import RLock
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
# We can only import Protocol if TYPE_CHECKING because it's a development
# dependency, and is not available at runtime.
from typing_extensions import Protocol, Self
class HasGettableStringKeys(Protocol):
def keys(self) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
...
def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
...
__all__ = ["RecentlyUsedContainer", "HTTPHeaderDict"]
# Key type
_KT = typing.TypeVar("_KT")
# Value type
_VT = typing.TypeVar("_VT")
# Default type
_DT = typing.TypeVar("_DT")
ValidHTTPHeaderSource = typing.Union[
"HTTPHeaderDict",
typing.Mapping[str, str],
typing.Iterable[typing.Tuple[str, str]],
"HasGettableStringKeys",
]
class _Sentinel(Enum):
not_passed = auto()
def ensure_can_construct_http_header_dict(
potential: object,
) -> ValidHTTPHeaderSource | None:
if isinstance(potential, HTTPHeaderDict):
return potential
elif isinstance(potential, typing.Mapping):
# Full runtime checking of the contents of a Mapping is expensive, so for the
# purposes of typechecking, we assume that any Mapping is the right shape.
return typing.cast(typing.Mapping[str, str], potential)
elif isinstance(potential, typing.Iterable):
# Similarly to Mapping, full runtime checking of the contents of an Iterable is
# expensive, so for the purposes of typechecking, we assume that any Iterable
# is the right shape.
return typing.cast(typing.Iterable[typing.Tuple[str, str]], potential)
elif hasattr(potential, "keys") and hasattr(potential, "__getitem__"):
return typing.cast("HasGettableStringKeys", potential)
else:
return None
class RecentlyUsedContainer(typing.Generic[_KT, _VT], typing.MutableMapping[_KT, _VT]):
"""
Provides a thread-safe dict-like container which maintains up to
``maxsize`` keys while throwing away the least-recently-used keys beyond
``maxsize``.
:param maxsize:
Maximum number of recent elements to retain.
:param dispose_func:
Every time an item is evicted from the container,
``dispose_func(value)`` is called. Callback which will get called
"""
_container: typing.OrderedDict[_KT, _VT]
_maxsize: int
dispose_func: typing.Callable[[_VT], None] | None
lock: RLock
def __init__(
self,
maxsize: int = 10,
dispose_func: typing.Callable[[_VT], None] | None = None,
) -> None:
super().__init__()
self._maxsize = maxsize
self.dispose_func = dispose_func
self._container = OrderedDict()
self.lock = RLock()
def __getitem__(self, key: _KT) -> _VT:
# Re-insert the item, moving it to the end of the eviction line.
with self.lock:
item = self._container.pop(key)
self._container[key] = item
return item
def __setitem__(self, key: _KT, value: _VT) -> None:
evicted_item = None
with self.lock:
# Possibly evict the existing value of 'key'
try:
# If the key exists, we'll overwrite it, which won't change the
# size of the pool. Because accessing a key should move it to
# the end of the eviction line, we pop it out first.
evicted_item = key, self._container.pop(key)
self._container[key] = value
except KeyError:
# When the key does not exist, we insert the value first so that
# evicting works in all cases, including when self._maxsize is 0
self._container[key] = value
if len(self._container) > self._maxsize:
# If we didn't evict an existing value, and we've hit our maximum
# size, then we have to evict the least recently used item from
# the beginning of the container.
evicted_item = self._container.popitem(last=False)
# After releasing the lock on the pool, dispose of any evicted value.
if evicted_item is not None and self.dispose_func:
_, evicted_value = evicted_item
self.dispose_func(evicted_value)
def __delitem__(self, key: _KT) -> None:
with self.lock:
value = self._container.pop(key)
if self.dispose_func:
self.dispose_func(value)
def __len__(self) -> int:
with self.lock:
return len(self._container)
def __iter__(self) -> typing.NoReturn:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Iteration over this class is unlikely to be threadsafe."
)
def clear(self) -> None:
with self.lock:
# Copy pointers to all values, then wipe the mapping
values = list(self._container.values())
self._container.clear()
if self.dispose_func:
for value in values:
self.dispose_func(value)
def keys(self) -> set[_KT]: # type: ignore[override]
with self.lock:
return set(self._container.keys())
class HTTPHeaderDictItemView(typing.Set[typing.Tuple[str, str]]):
"""
HTTPHeaderDict is unusual for a Mapping[str, str] in that it has two modes of
address.
If we directly try to get an item with a particular name, we will get a string
back that is the concatenated version of all the values:
>>> d['X-Header-Name']
'Value1, Value2, Value3'
However, if we iterate over an HTTPHeaderDict's items, we will optionally combine
these values based on whether combine=True was called when building up the dictionary
>>> d = HTTPHeaderDict({"A": "1", "B": "foo"})
>>> d.add("A", "2", combine=True)
>>> d.add("B", "bar")
>>> list(d.items())
[
('A', '1, 2'),
('B', 'foo'),
('B', 'bar'),
]
This class conforms to the interface required by the MutableMapping ABC while
also giving us the nonstandard iteration behavior we want; items with duplicate
keys, ordered by time of first insertion.
"""
_headers: HTTPHeaderDict
def __init__(self, headers: HTTPHeaderDict) -> None:
self._headers = headers
def __len__(self) -> int:
return len(list(self._headers.iteritems()))
def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[tuple[str, str]]:
return self._headers.iteritems()
def __contains__(self, item: object) -> bool:
if isinstance(item, tuple) and len(item) == 2:
passed_key, passed_val = item
if isinstance(passed_key, str) and isinstance(passed_val, str):
return self._headers._has_value_for_header(passed_key, passed_val)
return False
class HTTPHeaderDict(typing.MutableMapping[str, str]):
"""
:param headers:
An iterable of field-value pairs. Must not contain multiple field names
when compared case-insensitively.
:param kwargs:
Additional field-value pairs to pass in to ``dict.update``.
A ``dict`` like container for storing HTTP Headers.
Field names are stored and compared case-insensitively in compliance with
RFC 7230. Iteration provides the first case-sensitive key seen for each
case-insensitive pair.
Using ``__setitem__`` syntax overwrites fields that compare equal
case-insensitively in order to maintain ``dict``'s api. For fields that
compare equal, instead create a new ``HTTPHeaderDict`` and use ``.add``
in a loop.
If multiple fields that are equal case-insensitively are passed to the
constructor or ``.update``, the behavior is undefined and some will be
lost.
>>> headers = HTTPHeaderDict()
>>> headers.add('Set-Cookie', 'foo=bar')
>>> headers.add('set-cookie', 'baz=quxx')
>>> headers['content-length'] = '7'
>>> headers['SET-cookie']
'foo=bar, baz=quxx'
>>> headers['Content-Length']
'7'
"""
_container: typing.MutableMapping[str, list[str]]
def __init__(self, headers: ValidHTTPHeaderSource | None = None, **kwargs: str):
super().__init__()
self._container = {} # 'dict' is insert-ordered in Python 3.7+
if headers is not None:
if isinstance(headers, HTTPHeaderDict):
self._copy_from(headers)
else:
self.extend(headers)
if kwargs:
self.extend(kwargs)
def __setitem__(self, key: str, val: str) -> None:
# avoid a bytes/str comparison by decoding before httplib
if isinstance(key, bytes):
key = key.decode("latin-1")
self._container[key.lower()] = [key, val]
def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
val = self._container[key.lower()]
return ", ".join(val[1:])
def __delitem__(self, key: str) -> None:
del self._container[key.lower()]
def __contains__(self, key: object) -> bool:
if isinstance(key, str):
return key.lower() in self._container
return False
def setdefault(self, key: str, default: str = "") -> str:
return super().setdefault(key, default)
def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
maybe_constructable = ensure_can_construct_http_header_dict(other)
if maybe_constructable is None:
return False
else:
other_as_http_header_dict = type(self)(maybe_constructable)
return {k.lower(): v for k, v in self.itermerged()} == {
k.lower(): v for k, v in other_as_http_header_dict.itermerged()
}
def __ne__(self, other: object) -> bool:
return not self.__eq__(other)
def __len__(self) -> int:
return len(self._container)
def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
# Only provide the originally cased names
for vals in self._container.values():
yield vals[0]
def discard(self, key: str) -> None:
try:
del self[key]
except KeyError:
pass
def add(self, key: str, val: str, *, combine: bool = False) -> None:
"""Adds a (name, value) pair, doesn't overwrite the value if it already
exists.
If this is called with combine=True, instead of adding a new header value
as a distinct item during iteration, this will instead append the value to
any existing header value with a comma. If no existing header value exists
for the key, then the value will simply be added, ignoring the combine parameter.
>>> headers = HTTPHeaderDict(foo='bar')
>>> headers.add('Foo', 'baz')
>>> headers['foo']
'bar, baz'
>>> list(headers.items())
[('foo', 'bar'), ('foo', 'baz')]
>>> headers.add('foo', 'quz', combine=True)
>>> list(headers.items())
[('foo', 'bar, baz, quz')]
"""
# avoid a bytes/str comparison by decoding before httplib
if isinstance(key, bytes):
key = key.decode("latin-1")
key_lower = key.lower()
new_vals = [key, val]
# Keep the common case aka no item present as fast as possible
vals = self._container.setdefault(key_lower, new_vals)
if new_vals is not vals:
# if there are values here, then there is at least the initial
# key/value pair
assert len(vals) >= 2
if combine:
vals[-1] = vals[-1] + ", " + val
else:
vals.append(val)
def extend(self, *args: ValidHTTPHeaderSource, **kwargs: str) -> None:
"""Generic import function for any type of header-like object.
Adapted version of MutableMapping.update in order to insert items
with self.add instead of self.__setitem__
"""
if len(args) > 1:
raise TypeError(
f"extend() takes at most 1 positional arguments ({len(args)} given)"
)
other = args[0] if len(args) >= 1 else ()
if isinstance(other, HTTPHeaderDict):
for key, val in other.iteritems():
self.add(key, val)
elif isinstance(other, typing.Mapping):
for key, val in other.items():
self.add(key, val)
elif isinstance(other, typing.Iterable):
other = typing.cast(typing.Iterable[typing.Tuple[str, str]], other)
for key, value in other:
self.add(key, value)
elif hasattr(other, "keys") and hasattr(other, "__getitem__"):
# THIS IS NOT A TYPESAFE BRANCH
# In this branch, the object has a `keys` attr but is not a Mapping or any of
# the other types indicated in the method signature. We do some stuff with
# it as though it partially implements the Mapping interface, but we're not
# doing that stuff safely AT ALL.
for key in other.keys():
self.add(key, other[key])
for key, value in kwargs.items():
self.add(key, value)
@typing.overload
def getlist(self, key: str) -> list[str]:
...
@typing.overload
def getlist(self, key: str, default: _DT) -> list[str] | _DT:
...
def getlist(
self, key: str, default: _Sentinel | _DT = _Sentinel.not_passed
) -> list[str] | _DT:
"""Returns a list of all the values for the named field. Returns an
empty list if the key doesn't exist."""
try:
vals = self._container[key.lower()]
except KeyError:
if default is _Sentinel.not_passed:
# _DT is unbound; empty list is instance of List[str]
return []
# _DT is bound; default is instance of _DT
return default
else:
# _DT may or may not be bound; vals[1:] is instance of List[str], which
# meets our external interface requirement of `Union[List[str], _DT]`.
return vals[1:]
def _prepare_for_method_change(self) -> Self:
"""
Remove content-specific header fields before changing the request
method to GET or HEAD according to RFC 9110, Section 15.4.
"""
content_specific_headers = [
"Content-Encoding",
"Content-Language",
"Content-Location",
"Content-Type",
"Content-Length",
"Digest",
"Last-Modified",
]
for header in content_specific_headers:
self.discard(header)
return self
# Backwards compatibility for httplib
getheaders = getlist
getallmatchingheaders = getlist
iget = getlist
# Backwards compatibility for http.cookiejar
get_all = getlist
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return f"{type(self).__name__}({dict(self.itermerged())})"
def _copy_from(self, other: HTTPHeaderDict) -> None:
for key in other:
val = other.getlist(key)
self._container[key.lower()] = [key, *val]
def copy(self) -> HTTPHeaderDict:
clone = type(self)()
clone._copy_from(self)
return clone
def iteritems(self) -> typing.Iterator[tuple[str, str]]:
"""Iterate over all header lines, including duplicate ones."""
for key in self:
vals = self._container[key.lower()]
for val in vals[1:]:
yield vals[0], val
def itermerged(self) -> typing.Iterator[tuple[str, str]]:
"""Iterate over all headers, merging duplicate ones together."""
for key in self:
val = self._container[key.lower()]
yield val[0], ", ".join(val[1:])
def items(self) -> HTTPHeaderDictItemView: # type: ignore[override]
return HTTPHeaderDictItemView(self)
def _has_value_for_header(self, header_name: str, potential_value: str) -> bool:
if header_name in self:
return potential_value in self._container[header_name.lower()][1:]
return False
def __ior__(self, other: object) -> HTTPHeaderDict:
# Supports extending a header dict in-place using operator |=
# combining items with add instead of __setitem__
maybe_constructable = ensure_can_construct_http_header_dict(other)
if maybe_constructable is None:
return NotImplemented
self.extend(maybe_constructable)
return self
def __or__(self, other: object) -> HTTPHeaderDict:
# Supports merging header dicts using operator |
# combining items with add instead of __setitem__
maybe_constructable = ensure_can_construct_http_header_dict(other)
if maybe_constructable is None:
return NotImplemented
result = self.copy()
result.extend(maybe_constructable)
return result
def __ror__(self, other: object) -> HTTPHeaderDict:
# Supports merging header dicts using operator | when other is on left side
# combining items with add instead of __setitem__
maybe_constructable = ensure_can_construct_http_header_dict(other)
if maybe_constructable is None:
return NotImplemented
result = type(self)(maybe_constructable)
result.extend(self)
return result

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Scripts/reporter_lib/py37/urllib3/_request_methods.py Normal file
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from __future__ import annotations
import json as _json
import typing
from urllib.parse import urlencode
from ._base_connection import _TYPE_BODY
from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict
from .filepost import _TYPE_FIELDS, encode_multipart_formdata
from .response import BaseHTTPResponse
__all__ = ["RequestMethods"]
_TYPE_ENCODE_URL_FIELDS = typing.Union[
typing.Sequence[typing.Tuple[str, typing.Union[str, bytes]]],
typing.Mapping[str, typing.Union[str, bytes]],
]
class RequestMethods:
"""
Convenience mixin for classes who implement a :meth:`urlopen` method, such
as :class:`urllib3.HTTPConnectionPool` and
:class:`urllib3.PoolManager`.
Provides behavior for making common types of HTTP request methods and
decides which type of request field encoding to use.
Specifically,
:meth:`.request_encode_url` is for sending requests whose fields are
encoded in the URL (such as GET, HEAD, DELETE).
:meth:`.request_encode_body` is for sending requests whose fields are
encoded in the *body* of the request using multipart or www-form-urlencoded
(such as for POST, PUT, PATCH).
:meth:`.request` is for making any kind of request, it will look up the
appropriate encoding format and use one of the above two methods to make
the request.
Initializer parameters:
:param headers:
Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
explicitly.
"""
_encode_url_methods = {"DELETE", "GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS"}
def __init__(self, headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None) -> None:
self.headers = headers or {}
def urlopen(
self,
method: str,
url: str,
body: _TYPE_BODY | None = None,
headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
encode_multipart: bool = True,
multipart_boundary: str | None = None,
**kw: typing.Any,
) -> BaseHTTPResponse: # Abstract
raise NotImplementedError(
"Classes extending RequestMethods must implement "
"their own ``urlopen`` method."
)
def request(
self,
method: str,
url: str,
body: _TYPE_BODY | None = None,
fields: _TYPE_FIELDS | None = None,
headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
json: typing.Any | None = None,
**urlopen_kw: typing.Any,
) -> BaseHTTPResponse:
"""
Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the appropriate encoding of
``fields`` based on the ``method`` used.
This is a convenience method that requires the least amount of manual
effort. It can be used in most situations, while still having the
option to drop down to more specific methods when necessary, such as
:meth:`request_encode_url`, :meth:`request_encode_body`,
or even the lowest level :meth:`urlopen`.
"""
method = method.upper()
if json is not None and body is not None:
raise TypeError(
"request got values for both 'body' and 'json' parameters which are mutually exclusive"
)
if json is not None:
if headers is None:
headers = self.headers.copy() # type: ignore
if not ("content-type" in map(str.lower, headers.keys())):
headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json" # type: ignore
body = _json.dumps(json, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=False).encode(
"utf-8"
)
if body is not None:
urlopen_kw["body"] = body
if method in self._encode_url_methods:
return self.request_encode_url(
method,
url,
fields=fields, # type: ignore[arg-type]
headers=headers,
**urlopen_kw,
)
else:
return self.request_encode_body(
method, url, fields=fields, headers=headers, **urlopen_kw
)
def request_encode_url(
self,
method: str,
url: str,
fields: _TYPE_ENCODE_URL_FIELDS | None = None,
headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
**urlopen_kw: str,
) -> BaseHTTPResponse:
"""
Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in
the url. This is useful for request methods like GET, HEAD, DELETE, etc.
"""
if headers is None:
headers = self.headers
extra_kw: dict[str, typing.Any] = {"headers": headers}
extra_kw.update(urlopen_kw)
if fields:
url += "?" + urlencode(fields)
return self.urlopen(method, url, **extra_kw)
def request_encode_body(
self,
method: str,
url: str,
fields: _TYPE_FIELDS | None = None,
headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
encode_multipart: bool = True,
multipart_boundary: str | None = None,
**urlopen_kw: str,
) -> BaseHTTPResponse:
"""
Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in
the body. This is useful for request methods like POST, PUT, PATCH, etc.
When ``encode_multipart=True`` (default), then
:func:`urllib3.encode_multipart_formdata` is used to encode
the payload with the appropriate content type. Otherwise
:func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` is used with the
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content type.
Multipart encoding must be used when posting files, and it's reasonably
safe to use it in other times too. However, it may break request
signing, such as with OAuth.
Supports an optional ``fields`` parameter of key/value strings AND
key/filetuple. A filetuple is a (filename, data, MIME type) tuple where
the MIME type is optional. For example::
fields = {
'foo': 'bar',
'fakefile': ('foofile.txt', 'contents of foofile'),
'realfile': ('barfile.txt', open('realfile').read()),
'typedfile': ('bazfile.bin', open('bazfile').read(),
'image/jpeg'),
'nonamefile': 'contents of nonamefile field',
}
When uploading a file, providing a filename (the first parameter of the
tuple) is optional but recommended to best mimic behavior of browsers.
Note that if ``headers`` are supplied, the 'Content-Type' header will
be overwritten because it depends on the dynamic random boundary string
which is used to compose the body of the request. The random boundary
string can be explicitly set with the ``multipart_boundary`` parameter.
"""
if headers is None:
headers = self.headers
extra_kw: dict[str, typing.Any] = {"headers": HTTPHeaderDict(headers)}
body: bytes | str
if fields:
if "body" in urlopen_kw:
raise TypeError(
"request got values for both 'fields' and 'body', can only specify one."
)
if encode_multipart:
body, content_type = encode_multipart_formdata(
fields, boundary=multipart_boundary
)
else:
body, content_type = (
urlencode(fields), # type: ignore[arg-type]
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
)
extra_kw["body"] = body
extra_kw["headers"].setdefault("Content-Type", content_type)
extra_kw.update(urlopen_kw)
return self.urlopen(method, url, **extra_kw)

4
Scripts/reporter_lib/py37/urllib3/_version.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
# This file is protected via CODEOWNERS
from __future__ import annotations
__version__ = "2.0.7"

906
Scripts/reporter_lib/py37/urllib3/connection.py Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,906 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import datetime
import logging
import os
import re
import socket
import sys
import typing
import warnings
from http.client import HTTPConnection as _HTTPConnection
from http.client import HTTPException as HTTPException # noqa: F401
from http.client import ResponseNotReady
from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from typing_extensions import Literal
from .response import HTTPResponse
from .util.ssl_ import _TYPE_PEER_CERT_RET_DICT
from .util.ssltransport import SSLTransport
from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict
from .util.response import assert_header_parsing
from .util.timeout import _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, _TYPE_TIMEOUT, Timeout
from .util.util import to_str
from .util.wait import wait_for_read
try: # Compiled with SSL?
import ssl
BaseSSLError = ssl.SSLError
except (ImportError, AttributeError):
ssl = None # type: ignore[assignment]
class BaseSSLError(BaseException): # type: ignore[no-redef]
pass
from ._base_connection import _TYPE_BODY
from ._base_connection import ProxyConfig as ProxyConfig
from ._base_connection import _ResponseOptions as _ResponseOptions
from ._version import __version__
from .exceptions import (
ConnectTimeoutError,
HeaderParsingError,
NameResolutionError,
NewConnectionError,
ProxyError,
SystemTimeWarning,
)
from .util import SKIP_HEADER, SKIPPABLE_HEADERS, connection, ssl_
from .util.request import body_to_chunks
from .util.ssl_ import assert_fingerprint as _assert_fingerprint
from .util.ssl_ import (
create_urllib3_context,
is_ipaddress,
resolve_cert_reqs,
resolve_ssl_version,
ssl_wrap_socket,
)
from .util.ssl_match_hostname import CertificateError, match_hostname
from .util.url import Url
# Not a no-op, we're adding this to the namespace so it can be imported.
ConnectionError = ConnectionError
BrokenPipeError = BrokenPipeError
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
port_by_scheme = {"http": 80, "https": 443}
# When it comes time to update this value as a part of regular maintenance
# (ie test_recent_date is failing) update it to ~6 months before the current date.
RECENT_DATE = datetime.date(2022, 1, 1)
_CONTAINS_CONTROL_CHAR_RE = re.compile(r"[^-!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]")
_HAS_SYS_AUDIT = hasattr(sys, "audit")
class HTTPConnection(_HTTPConnection):
"""
Based on :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection` but provides an extra constructor
backwards-compatibility layer between older and newer Pythons.
Additional keyword parameters are used to configure attributes of the connection.
Accepted parameters include:
- ``source_address``: Set the source address for the current connection.
- ``socket_options``: Set specific options on the underlying socket. If not specified, then
defaults are loaded from ``HTTPConnection.default_socket_options`` which includes disabling
Nagle's algorithm (sets TCP_NODELAY to 1) unless the connection is behind a proxy.
For example, if you wish to enable TCP Keep Alive in addition to the defaults,
you might pass:
.. code-block:: python
HTTPConnection.default_socket_options + [
(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1),
]
Or you may want to disable the defaults by passing an empty list (e.g., ``[]``).
"""
default_port: typing.ClassVar[int] = port_by_scheme["http"] # type: ignore[misc]
#: Disable Nagle's algorithm by default.
#: ``[(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)]``
default_socket_options: typing.ClassVar[connection._TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS] = [
(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
]
#: Whether this connection verifies the host's certificate.
is_verified: bool = False
#: Whether this proxy connection verified the proxy host's certificate.
# If no proxy is currently connected to the value will be ``None``.
proxy_is_verified: bool | None = None
blocksize: int
source_address: tuple[str, int] | None
socket_options: connection._TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS | None
_has_connected_to_proxy: bool
_response_options: _ResponseOptions | None
_tunnel_host: str | None
_tunnel_port: int | None
_tunnel_scheme: str | None
def __init__(
self,
host: str,
port: int | None = None,
*,
timeout: _TYPE_TIMEOUT = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
source_address: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
blocksize: int = 16384,
socket_options: None
| (connection._TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS) = default_socket_options,
proxy: Url | None = None,
proxy_config: ProxyConfig | None = None,
) -> None:
super().__init__(
host=host,
port=port,
timeout=Timeout.resolve_default_timeout(timeout),
source_address=source_address,
blocksize=blocksize,
)
self.socket_options = socket_options
self.proxy = proxy
self.proxy_config = proxy_config
self._has_connected_to_proxy = False
self._response_options = None
self._tunnel_host: str | None = None
self._tunnel_port: int | None = None
self._tunnel_scheme: str | None = None
# https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/4125
# Mypy treats this as LSP violation, which is considered a bug.
# If `host` is made a property it violates LSP, because a writeable attribute is overridden with a read-only one.
# However, there is also a `host` setter so LSP is not violated.
# Potentially, a `@host.deleter` might be needed depending on how this issue will be fixed.
@property
def host(self) -> str:
"""
Getter method to remove any trailing dots that indicate the hostname is an FQDN.
In general, SSL certificates don't include the trailing dot indicating a
fully-qualified domain name, and thus, they don't validate properly when
checked against a domain name that includes the dot. In addition, some
servers may not expect to receive the trailing dot when provided.
However, the hostname with trailing dot is critical to DNS resolution; doing a
lookup with the trailing dot will properly only resolve the appropriate FQDN,
whereas a lookup without a trailing dot will search the system's search domain
list. Thus, it's important to keep the original host around for use only in
those cases where it's appropriate (i.e., when doing DNS lookup to establish the
actual TCP connection across which we're going to send HTTP requests).
"""
return self._dns_host.rstrip(".")
@host.setter
def host(self, value: str) -> None:
"""
Setter for the `host` property.
We assume that only urllib3 uses the _dns_host attribute; httplib itself
only uses `host`, and it seems reasonable that other libraries follow suit.
"""
self._dns_host = value
def _new_conn(self) -> socket.socket:
"""Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it.
:return: New socket connection.
"""
try:
sock = connection.create_connection(
(self._dns_host, self.port),
self.timeout,
source_address=self.source_address,
socket_options=self.socket_options,
)
except socket.gaierror as e:
raise NameResolutionError(self.host, self, e) from e
except SocketTimeout as e:
raise ConnectTimeoutError(
self,
f"Connection to {self.host} timed out. (connect timeout={self.timeout})",
) from e
except OSError as e:
raise NewConnectionError(
self, f"Failed to establish a new connection: {e}"
) from e
# Audit hooks are only available in Python 3.8+
if _HAS_SYS_AUDIT:
sys.audit("http.client.connect", self, self.host, self.port)
return sock
def set_tunnel(
self,
host: str,
port: int | None = None,
headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
scheme: str = "http",
) -> None:
if scheme not in ("http", "https"):
raise ValueError(
f"Invalid proxy scheme for tunneling: {scheme!r}, must be either 'http' or 'https'"
)
super().set_tunnel(host, port=port, headers=headers)
self._tunnel_scheme = scheme
def connect(self) -> None:
self.sock = self._new_conn()
if self._tunnel_host:
# If we're tunneling it means we're connected to our proxy.
self._has_connected_to_proxy = True
# TODO: Fix tunnel so it doesn't depend on self.sock state.
self._tunnel() # type: ignore[attr-defined]
# If there's a proxy to be connected to we are fully connected.
# This is set twice (once above and here) due to forwarding proxies
# not using tunnelling.
self._has_connected_to_proxy = bool(self.proxy)
@property
def is_closed(self) -> bool:
return self.sock is None
@property
def is_connected(self) -> bool:
if self.sock is None:
return False
return not wait_for_read(self.sock, timeout=0.0)
@property
def has_connected_to_proxy(self) -> bool:
return self._has_connected_to_proxy
def close(self) -> None:
try:
super().close()
finally:
# Reset all stateful properties so connection
# can be re-used without leaking prior configs.
self.sock = None
self.is_verified = False
self.proxy_is_verified = None
self._has_connected_to_proxy = False
self._response_options = None
self._tunnel_host = None
self._tunnel_port = None
self._tunnel_scheme = None
def putrequest(
self,
method: str,
url: str,
skip_host: bool = False,
skip_accept_encoding: bool = False,
) -> None:
""""""
# Empty docstring because the indentation of CPython's implementation
# is broken but we don't want this method in our documentation.
match = _CONTAINS_CONTROL_CHAR_RE.search(method)
if match:
raise ValueError(
f"Method cannot contain non-token characters {method!r} (found at least {match.group()!r})"
)
return super().putrequest(
method, url, skip_host=skip_host, skip_accept_encoding=skip_accept_encoding
)
def putheader(self, header: str, *values: str) -> None:
""""""
if not any(isinstance(v, str) and v == SKIP_HEADER for v in values):
super().putheader(header, *values)
elif to_str(header.lower()) not in SKIPPABLE_HEADERS:
skippable_headers = "', '".join(
[str.title(header) for header in sorted(SKIPPABLE_HEADERS)]
)
raise ValueError(
f"urllib3.util.SKIP_HEADER only supports '{skippable_headers}'"
)
# `request` method's signature intentionally violates LSP.
# urllib3's API is different from `http.client.HTTPConnection` and the subclassing is only incidental.
def request( # type: ignore[override]
self,
method: str,
url: str,
body: _TYPE_BODY | None = None,
headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
*,
chunked: bool = False,
preload_content: bool = True,
decode_content: bool = True,
enforce_content_length: bool = True,
) -> None:
# Update the inner socket's timeout value to send the request.
# This only triggers if the connection is re-used.
if self.sock is not None:
self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
# Store these values to be fed into the HTTPResponse
# object later. TODO: Remove this in favor of a real
# HTTP lifecycle mechanism.
# We have to store these before we call .request()
# because sometimes we can still salvage a response
# off the wire even if we aren't able to completely
# send the request body.
self._response_options = _ResponseOptions(
request_method=method,
request_url=url,
preload_content=preload_content,
decode_content=decode_content,
enforce_content_length=enforce_content_length,
)
if headers is None:
headers = {}
header_keys = frozenset(to_str(k.lower()) for k in headers)
skip_accept_encoding = "accept-encoding" in header_keys
skip_host = "host" in header_keys
self.putrequest(
method, url, skip_accept_encoding=skip_accept_encoding, skip_host=skip_host
)
# Transform the body into an iterable of sendall()-able chunks
# and detect if an explicit Content-Length is doable.
chunks_and_cl = body_to_chunks(body, method=method, blocksize=self.blocksize)
chunks = chunks_and_cl.chunks
content_length = chunks_and_cl.content_length
# When chunked is explicit set to 'True' we respect that.
if chunked:
if "transfer-encoding" not in header_keys:
self.putheader("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")
else:
# Detect whether a framing mechanism is already in use. If so
# we respect that value, otherwise we pick chunked vs content-length
# depending on the type of 'body'.
if "content-length" in header_keys:
chunked = False
elif "transfer-encoding" in header_keys:
chunked = True
# Otherwise we go off the recommendation of 'body_to_chunks()'.
else:
chunked = False
if content_length is None:
if chunks is not None:
chunked = True
self.putheader("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")
else:
self.putheader("Content-Length", str(content_length))
# Now that framing headers are out of the way we send all the other headers.
if "user-agent" not in header_keys:
self.putheader("User-Agent", _get_default_user_agent())
for header, value in headers.items():
self.putheader(header, value)
self.endheaders()
# If we're given a body we start sending that in chunks.
if chunks is not None:
for chunk in chunks:
# Sending empty chunks isn't allowed for TE: chunked
# as it indicates the end of the body.
if not chunk:
continue
if isinstance(chunk, str):
chunk = chunk.encode("utf-8")
if chunked:
self.send(b"%x\r\n%b\r\n" % (len(chunk), chunk))
else:
self.send(chunk)
# Regardless of whether we have a body or not, if we're in
# chunked mode we want to send an explicit empty chunk.
if chunked:
self.send(b"0\r\n\r\n")
def request_chunked(
self,
method: str,
url: str,
body: _TYPE_BODY | None = None,
headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
) -> None:
"""
Alternative to the common request method, which sends the
body with chunked encoding and not as one block
"""
warnings.warn(
"HTTPConnection.request_chunked() is deprecated and will be removed "
"in urllib3 v2.1.0. Instead use HTTPConnection.request(..., chunked=True).",
category=DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
self.request(method, url, body=body, headers=headers, chunked=True)
def getresponse( # type: ignore[override]
self,
) -> HTTPResponse:
"""
Get the response from the server.
If the HTTPConnection is in the correct state, returns an instance of HTTPResponse or of whatever object is returned by the response_class variable.
If a request has not been sent or if a previous response has not be handled, ResponseNotReady is raised. If the HTTP response indicates that the connection should be closed, then it will be closed before the response is returned. When the connection is closed, the underlying socket is closed.
"""
# Raise the same error as http.client.HTTPConnection
if self._response_options is None:
raise ResponseNotReady()
# Reset this attribute for being used again.
resp_options = self._response_options
self._response_options = None
# Since the connection's timeout value may have been updated
# we need to set the timeout on the socket.
self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
# This is needed here to avoid circular import errors
from .response import HTTPResponse
# Get the response from http.client.HTTPConnection
httplib_response = super().getresponse()
try:
assert_header_parsing(httplib_response.msg)
except (HeaderParsingError, TypeError) as hpe:
log.warning(
"Failed to parse headers (url=%s): %s",
_url_from_connection(self, resp_options.request_url),
hpe,
exc_info=True,
)
headers = HTTPHeaderDict(httplib_response.msg.items())
response = HTTPResponse(
body=httplib_response,
headers=headers,
status=httplib_response.status,
version=httplib_response.version,
reason=httplib_response.reason,
preload_content=resp_options.preload_content,
decode_content=resp_options.decode_content,
original_response=httplib_response,
enforce_content_length=resp_options.enforce_content_length,
request_method=resp_options.request_method,
request_url=resp_options.request_url,
)
return response
class HTTPSConnection(HTTPConnection):
"""
Many of the parameters to this constructor are passed to the underlying SSL
socket by means of :py:func:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket`.
"""
default_port = port_by_scheme["https"] # type: ignore[misc]
cert_reqs: int | str | None = None
ca_certs: str | None = None
ca_cert_dir: str | None = None
ca_cert_data: None | str | bytes = None
ssl_version: int | str | None = None
ssl_minimum_version: int | None = None
ssl_maximum_version: int | None = None
assert_fingerprint: str | None = None
def __init__(
self,
host: str,
port: int | None = None,
*,
timeout: _TYPE_TIMEOUT = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
source_address: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
blocksize: int = 16384,
socket_options: None
| (connection._TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS) = HTTPConnection.default_socket_options,
proxy: Url | None = None,
proxy_config: ProxyConfig | None = None,
cert_reqs: int | str | None = None,
assert_hostname: None | str | Literal[False] = None,
assert_fingerprint: str | None = None,
server_hostname: str | None = None,
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
ca_certs: str | None = None,
ca_cert_dir: str | None = None,
ca_cert_data: None | str | bytes = None,
ssl_minimum_version: int | None = None,
ssl_maximum_version: int | None = None,
ssl_version: int | str | None = None, # Deprecated
cert_file: str | None = None,
key_file: str | None = None,
key_password: str | None = None,
) -> None:
super().__init__(
host,
port=port,
timeout=timeout,
source_address=source_address,
blocksize=blocksize,
socket_options=socket_options,
proxy=proxy,
proxy_config=proxy_config,
)
self.key_file = key_file
self.cert_file = cert_file
self.key_password = key_password
self.ssl_context = ssl_context
self.server_hostname = server_hostname
self.assert_hostname = assert_hostname
self.assert_fingerprint = assert_fingerprint
self.ssl_version = ssl_version
self.ssl_minimum_version = ssl_minimum_version
self.ssl_maximum_version = ssl_maximum_version
self.ca_certs = ca_certs and os.path.expanduser(ca_certs)
self.ca_cert_dir = ca_cert_dir and os.path.expanduser(ca_cert_dir)
self.ca_cert_data = ca_cert_data
# cert_reqs depends on ssl_context so calculate last.
if cert_reqs is None:
if self.ssl_context is not None:
cert_reqs = self.ssl_context.verify_mode
else:
cert_reqs = resolve_cert_reqs(None)
self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
def set_cert(
self,
key_file: str | None = None,
cert_file: str | None = None,
cert_reqs: int | str | None = None,
key_password: str | None = None,
ca_certs: str | None = None,
assert_hostname: None | str | Literal[False] = None,
assert_fingerprint: str | None = None,
ca_cert_dir: str | None = None,
ca_cert_data: None | str | bytes = None,
) -> None:
"""
This method should only be called once, before the connection is used.
"""
warnings.warn(
"HTTPSConnection.set_cert() is deprecated and will be removed "
"in urllib3 v2.1.0. Instead provide the parameters to the "
"HTTPSConnection constructor.",
category=DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
# If cert_reqs is not provided we'll assume CERT_REQUIRED unless we also
# have an SSLContext object in which case we'll use its verify_mode.
if cert_reqs is None:
if self.ssl_context is not None:
cert_reqs = self.ssl_context.verify_mode
else:
cert_reqs = resolve_cert_reqs(None)
self.key_file = key_file
self.cert_file = cert_file
self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
self.key_password = key_password
self.assert_hostname = assert_hostname
self.assert_fingerprint = assert_fingerprint
self.ca_certs = ca_certs and os.path.expanduser(ca_certs)
self.ca_cert_dir = ca_cert_dir and os.path.expanduser(ca_cert_dir)
self.ca_cert_data = ca_cert_data
def connect(self) -> None:
sock: socket.socket | ssl.SSLSocket
self.sock = sock = self._new_conn()
server_hostname: str = self.host
tls_in_tls = False
# Do we need to establish a tunnel?
if self._tunnel_host is not None:
# We're tunneling to an HTTPS origin so need to do TLS-in-TLS.
if self._tunnel_scheme == "https":
self.sock = sock = self._connect_tls_proxy(self.host, sock)
tls_in_tls = True
# If we're tunneling it means we're connected to our proxy.
self._has_connected_to_proxy = True
self._tunnel() # type: ignore[attr-defined]
# Override the host with the one we're requesting data from.
server_hostname = self._tunnel_host
if self.server_hostname is not None:
server_hostname = self.server_hostname
is_time_off = datetime.date.today() < RECENT_DATE
if is_time_off:
warnings.warn(
(
f"System time is way off (before {RECENT_DATE}). This will probably "
"lead to SSL verification errors"
),
SystemTimeWarning,
)
sock_and_verified = _ssl_wrap_socket_and_match_hostname(
sock=sock,
cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
ssl_version=self.ssl_version,
ssl_minimum_version=self.ssl_minimum_version,
ssl_maximum_version=self.ssl_maximum_version,
ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
ca_cert_data=self.ca_cert_data,
cert_file=self.cert_file,
key_file=self.key_file,
key_password=self.key_password,
server_hostname=server_hostname,
ssl_context=self.ssl_context,
tls_in_tls=tls_in_tls,
assert_hostname=self.assert_hostname,
assert_fingerprint=self.assert_fingerprint,
)
self.sock = sock_and_verified.socket
self.is_verified = sock_and_verified.is_verified
# If there's a proxy to be connected to we are fully connected.
# This is set twice (once above and here) due to forwarding proxies
# not using tunnelling.
self._has_connected_to_proxy = bool(self.proxy)
def _connect_tls_proxy(self, hostname: str, sock: socket.socket) -> ssl.SSLSocket:
"""
Establish a TLS connection to the proxy using the provided SSL context.
"""
# `_connect_tls_proxy` is called when self._tunnel_host is truthy.
proxy_config = typing.cast(ProxyConfig, self.proxy_config)
ssl_context = proxy_config.ssl_context
sock_and_verified = _ssl_wrap_socket_and_match_hostname(
sock,
cert_reqs=self.cert_reqs,
ssl_version=self.ssl_version,
ssl_minimum_version=self.ssl_minimum_version,
ssl_maximum_version=self.ssl_maximum_version,
ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
ca_cert_data=self.ca_cert_data,
server_hostname=hostname,
ssl_context=ssl_context,
assert_hostname=proxy_config.assert_hostname,
assert_fingerprint=proxy_config.assert_fingerprint,
# Features that aren't implemented for proxies yet:
cert_file=None,
key_file=None,
key_password=None,
tls_in_tls=False,
)
self.proxy_is_verified = sock_and_verified.is_verified
return sock_and_verified.socket # type: ignore[return-value]
class _WrappedAndVerifiedSocket(typing.NamedTuple):
"""
Wrapped socket and whether the connection is
verified after the TLS handshake
"""
socket: ssl.SSLSocket | SSLTransport
is_verified: bool
def _ssl_wrap_socket_and_match_hostname(
sock: socket.socket,
*,
cert_reqs: None | str | int,
ssl_version: None | str | int,
ssl_minimum_version: int | None,
ssl_maximum_version: int | None,
cert_file: str | None,
key_file: str | None,
key_password: str | None,
ca_certs: str | None,
ca_cert_dir: str | None,
ca_cert_data: None | str | bytes,
assert_hostname: None | str | Literal[False],
assert_fingerprint: str | None,
server_hostname: str | None,
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None,
tls_in_tls: bool = False,
) -> _WrappedAndVerifiedSocket:
"""Logic for constructing an SSLContext from all TLS parameters, passing
that down into ssl_wrap_socket, and then doing certificate verification
either via hostname or fingerprint. This function exists to guarantee
that both proxies and targets have the same behavior when connecting via TLS.
"""
default_ssl_context = False
if ssl_context is None:
default_ssl_context = True
context = create_urllib3_context(
ssl_version=resolve_ssl_version(ssl_version),
ssl_minimum_version=ssl_minimum_version,
ssl_maximum_version=ssl_maximum_version,
cert_reqs=resolve_cert_reqs(cert_reqs),
)
else:
context = ssl_context
context.verify_mode = resolve_cert_reqs(cert_reqs)
# In some cases, we want to verify hostnames ourselves
if (
# `ssl` can't verify fingerprints or alternate hostnames
assert_fingerprint
or assert_hostname
# assert_hostname can be set to False to disable hostname checking
or assert_hostname is False
# We still support OpenSSL 1.0.2, which prevents us from verifying
# hostnames easily: https://github.com/pyca/pyopenssl/pull/933
or ssl_.IS_PYOPENSSL
or not ssl_.HAS_NEVER_CHECK_COMMON_NAME
):
context.check_hostname = False
# Try to load OS default certs if none are given.
# We need to do the hasattr() check for our custom
# pyOpenSSL and SecureTransport SSLContext objects
# because neither support load_default_certs().
if (
not ca_certs
and not ca_cert_dir
and not ca_cert_data
and default_ssl_context
and hasattr(context, "load_default_certs")
):
context.load_default_certs()
# Ensure that IPv6 addresses are in the proper format and don't have a
# scope ID. Python's SSL module fails to recognize scoped IPv6 addresses
# and interprets them as DNS hostnames.
if server_hostname is not None:
normalized = server_hostname.strip("[]")
if "%" in normalized:
normalized = normalized[: normalized.rfind("%")]
if is_ipaddress(normalized):
server_hostname = normalized
ssl_sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
sock=sock,
keyfile=key_file,
certfile=cert_file,
key_password=key_password,
ca_certs=ca_certs,
ca_cert_dir=ca_cert_dir,
ca_cert_data=ca_cert_data,
server_hostname=server_hostname,
ssl_context=context,
tls_in_tls=tls_in_tls,
)
try:
if assert_fingerprint:
_assert_fingerprint(
ssl_sock.getpeercert(binary_form=True), assert_fingerprint
)
elif (
context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE
and not context.check_hostname
and assert_hostname is not False
):
cert: _TYPE_PEER_CERT_RET_DICT = ssl_sock.getpeercert() # type: ignore[assignment]
# Need to signal to our match_hostname whether to use 'commonName' or not.
# If we're using our own constructed SSLContext we explicitly set 'False'
# because PyPy hard-codes 'True' from SSLContext.hostname_checks_common_name.
if default_ssl_context:
hostname_checks_common_name = False
else:
hostname_checks_common_name = (
getattr(context, "hostname_checks_common_name", False) or False
)
_match_hostname(
cert,
assert_hostname or server_hostname, # type: ignore[arg-type]
hostname_checks_common_name,
)
return _WrappedAndVerifiedSocket(
socket=ssl_sock,
is_verified=context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
or bool(assert_fingerprint),
)
except BaseException:
ssl_sock.close()
raise
def _match_hostname(
cert: _TYPE_PEER_CERT_RET_DICT | None,
asserted_hostname: str,
hostname_checks_common_name: bool = False,
) -> None:
# Our upstream implementation of ssl.match_hostname()
# only applies this normalization to IP addresses so it doesn't
# match DNS SANs so we do the same thing!
stripped_hostname = asserted_hostname.strip("[]")
if is_ipaddress(stripped_hostname):
asserted_hostname = stripped_hostname
try:
match_hostname(cert, asserted_hostname, hostname_checks_common_name)
except CertificateError as e:
log.warning(
"Certificate did not match expected hostname: %s. Certificate: %s",
asserted_hostname,
cert,
)
# Add cert to exception and reraise so client code can inspect
# the cert when catching the exception, if they want to
e._peer_cert = cert # type: ignore[attr-defined]
raise
def _wrap_proxy_error(err: Exception, proxy_scheme: str | None) -> ProxyError:
# Look for the phrase 'wrong version number', if found
# then we should warn the user that we're very sure that
# this proxy is HTTP-only and they have a configuration issue.
error_normalized = " ".join(re.split("[^a-z]", str(err).lower()))
is_likely_http_proxy = (
"wrong version number" in error_normalized
or "unknown protocol" in error_normalized
)
http_proxy_warning = (
". Your proxy appears to only use HTTP and not HTTPS, "
"try changing your proxy URL to be HTTP. See: "
"https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html"
"#https-proxy-error-http-proxy"
)
new_err = ProxyError(
f"Unable to connect to proxy"
f"{http_proxy_warning if is_likely_http_proxy and proxy_scheme == 'https' else ''}",
err,
)
new_err.__cause__ = err
return new_err
def _get_default_user_agent() -> str:
return f"python-urllib3/{__version__}"
class DummyConnection:
"""Used to detect a failed ConnectionCls import."""
if not ssl:
HTTPSConnection = DummyConnection # type: ignore[misc, assignment] # noqa: F811
VerifiedHTTPSConnection = HTTPSConnection
def _url_from_connection(
conn: HTTPConnection | HTTPSConnection, path: str | None = None
) -> str:
"""Returns the URL from a given connection. This is mainly used for testing and logging."""
scheme = "https" if isinstance(conn, HTTPSConnection) else "http"
return Url(scheme=scheme, host=conn.host, port=conn.port, path=path).url

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# type: ignore
"""
This module uses ctypes to bind a whole bunch of functions and constants from
SecureTransport. The goal here is to provide the low-level API to
SecureTransport. These are essentially the C-level functions and constants, and
they're pretty gross to work with.
This code is a bastardised version of the code found in Will Bond's oscrypto
library. An enormous debt is owed to him for blazing this trail for us. For
that reason, this code should be considered to be covered both by urllib3's
license and by oscrypto's:
Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Will Bond <will@wbond.net>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import platform
from ctypes import (
CDLL,
CFUNCTYPE,
POINTER,
c_bool,
c_byte,
c_char_p,
c_int32,
c_long,
c_size_t,
c_uint32,
c_ulong,
c_void_p,
)
from ctypes.util import find_library
if platform.system() != "Darwin":
raise ImportError("Only macOS is supported")
version = platform.mac_ver()[0]
version_info = tuple(map(int, version.split(".")))
if version_info < (10, 8):
raise OSError(
f"Only OS X 10.8 and newer are supported, not {version_info[0]}.{version_info[1]}"
)
def load_cdll(name: str, macos10_16_path: str) -> CDLL:
"""Loads a CDLL by name, falling back to known path on 10.16+"""
try:
# Big Sur is technically 11 but we use 10.16 due to the Big Sur
# beta being labeled as 10.16.
path: str | None
if version_info >= (10, 16):
path = macos10_16_path
else:
path = find_library(name)
if not path:
raise OSError # Caught and reraised as 'ImportError'
return CDLL(path, use_errno=True)
except OSError:
raise ImportError(f"The library {name} failed to load") from None
Security = load_cdll(
"Security", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Security"
)
CoreFoundation = load_cdll(
"CoreFoundation",
"/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation",
)
Boolean = c_bool
CFIndex = c_long
CFStringEncoding = c_uint32
CFData = c_void_p
CFString = c_void_p
CFArray = c_void_p
CFMutableArray = c_void_p
CFDictionary = c_void_p
CFError = c_void_p
CFType = c_void_p
CFTypeID = c_ulong
CFTypeRef = POINTER(CFType)
CFAllocatorRef = c_void_p
OSStatus = c_int32
CFDataRef = POINTER(CFData)
CFStringRef = POINTER(CFString)
CFArrayRef = POINTER(CFArray)
CFMutableArrayRef = POINTER(CFMutableArray)
CFDictionaryRef = POINTER(CFDictionary)
CFArrayCallBacks = c_void_p
CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks = c_void_p
CFDictionaryValueCallBacks = c_void_p
SecCertificateRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
SecExternalFormat = c_uint32
SecExternalItemType = c_uint32
SecIdentityRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
SecItemImportExportFlags = c_uint32
SecItemImportExportKeyParameters = c_void_p
SecKeychainRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
SSLProtocol = c_uint32
SSLCipherSuite = c_uint32
SSLContextRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
SecTrustRef = POINTER(c_void_p)
SSLConnectionRef = c_uint32
SecTrustResultType = c_uint32
SecTrustOptionFlags = c_uint32
SSLProtocolSide = c_uint32
SSLConnectionType = c_uint32
SSLSessionOption = c_uint32
try:
Security.SecItemImport.argtypes = [
CFDataRef,
CFStringRef,
POINTER(SecExternalFormat),
POINTER(SecExternalItemType),
SecItemImportExportFlags,
POINTER(SecItemImportExportKeyParameters),
SecKeychainRef,
POINTER(CFArrayRef),
]
Security.SecItemImport.restype = OSStatus
Security.SecCertificateGetTypeID.argtypes = []
Security.SecCertificateGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
Security.SecIdentityGetTypeID.argtypes = []
Security.SecIdentityGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
Security.SecKeyGetTypeID.argtypes = []
Security.SecKeyGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, CFDataRef]
Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.restype = SecCertificateRef
Security.SecCertificateCopyData.argtypes = [SecCertificateRef]
Security.SecCertificateCopyData.restype = CFDataRef
Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [OSStatus, c_void_p]
Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.restype = CFStringRef
Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate.argtypes = [
CFTypeRef,
SecCertificateRef,
POINTER(SecIdentityRef),
]
Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate.restype = OSStatus
Security.SecKeychainCreate.argtypes = [
c_char_p,
c_uint32,
c_void_p,
Boolean,
c_void_p,
POINTER(SecKeychainRef),
]
Security.SecKeychainCreate.restype = OSStatus
Security.SecKeychainDelete.argtypes = [SecKeychainRef]
Security.SecKeychainDelete.restype = OSStatus
Security.SecPKCS12Import.argtypes = [
CFDataRef,
CFDictionaryRef,
POINTER(CFArrayRef),
]
Security.SecPKCS12Import.restype = OSStatus
SSLReadFunc = CFUNCTYPE(OSStatus, SSLConnectionRef, c_void_p, POINTER(c_size_t))
SSLWriteFunc = CFUNCTYPE(
OSStatus, SSLConnectionRef, POINTER(c_byte), POINTER(c_size_t)
)
Security.SSLSetIOFuncs.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLReadFunc, SSLWriteFunc]
Security.SSLSetIOFuncs.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLSetPeerID.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t]
Security.SSLSetPeerID.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLSetCertificate.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFArrayRef]
Security.SSLSetCertificate.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLSetCertificateAuthorities.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFTypeRef, Boolean]
Security.SSLSetCertificateAuthorities.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLSetConnection.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLConnectionRef]
Security.SSLSetConnection.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t]
Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLHandshake.argtypes = [SSLContextRef]
Security.SSLHandshake.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLRead.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t, POINTER(c_size_t)]
Security.SSLRead.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLWrite.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t, POINTER(c_size_t)]
Security.SSLWrite.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLClose.argtypes = [SSLContextRef]
Security.SSLClose.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLGetNumberSupportedCiphers.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(c_size_t)]
Security.SSLGetNumberSupportedCiphers.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLGetSupportedCiphers.argtypes = [
SSLContextRef,
POINTER(SSLCipherSuite),
POINTER(c_size_t),
]
Security.SSLGetSupportedCiphers.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLSetEnabledCiphers.argtypes = [
SSLContextRef,
POINTER(SSLCipherSuite),
c_size_t,
]
Security.SSLSetEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLGetNumberEnabledCiphers.argtype = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(c_size_t)]
Security.SSLGetNumberEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLGetEnabledCiphers.argtypes = [
SSLContextRef,
POINTER(SSLCipherSuite),
POINTER(c_size_t),
]
Security.SSLGetEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLGetNegotiatedCipher.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(SSLCipherSuite)]
Security.SSLGetNegotiatedCipher.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion.argtypes = [
SSLContextRef,
POINTER(SSLProtocol),
]
Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(SecTrustRef)]
Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust.restype = OSStatus
Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, CFArrayRef]
Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.restype = OSStatus
Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.argstypes = [SecTrustRef, Boolean]
Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.restype = OSStatus
Security.SecTrustEvaluate.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, POINTER(SecTrustResultType)]
Security.SecTrustEvaluate.restype = OSStatus
Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount.argtypes = [SecTrustRef]
Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount.restype = CFIndex
Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, CFIndex]
Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex.restype = SecCertificateRef
Security.SSLCreateContext.argtypes = [
CFAllocatorRef,
SSLProtocolSide,
SSLConnectionType,
]
Security.SSLCreateContext.restype = SSLContextRef
Security.SSLSetSessionOption.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLSessionOption, Boolean]
Security.SSLSetSessionOption.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLProtocol]
Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin.restype = OSStatus
Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLProtocol]
Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax.restype = OSStatus
try:
Security.SSLSetALPNProtocols.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFArrayRef]
Security.SSLSetALPNProtocols.restype = OSStatus
except AttributeError:
# Supported only in 10.12+
pass
Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [OSStatus, c_void_p]
Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.restype = CFStringRef
Security.SSLReadFunc = SSLReadFunc
Security.SSLWriteFunc = SSLWriteFunc
Security.SSLContextRef = SSLContextRef
Security.SSLProtocol = SSLProtocol
Security.SSLCipherSuite = SSLCipherSuite
Security.SecIdentityRef = SecIdentityRef
Security.SecKeychainRef = SecKeychainRef
Security.SecTrustRef = SecTrustRef
Security.SecTrustResultType = SecTrustResultType
Security.SecExternalFormat = SecExternalFormat
Security.OSStatus = OSStatus
Security.kSecImportExportPassphrase = CFStringRef.in_dll(
Security, "kSecImportExportPassphrase"
)
Security.kSecImportItemIdentity = CFStringRef.in_dll(
Security, "kSecImportItemIdentity"
)
# CoreFoundation time!
CoreFoundation.CFRetain.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
CoreFoundation.CFRetain.restype = CFTypeRef
CoreFoundation.CFRelease.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
CoreFoundation.CFRelease.restype = None
CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.argtypes = [CFTypeRef]
CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID
CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.argtypes = [
CFAllocatorRef,
c_char_p,
CFStringEncoding,
]
CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.restype = CFStringRef
CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.argtypes = [CFStringRef, CFStringEncoding]
CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.restype = c_char_p
CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.argtypes = [
CFStringRef,
c_char_p,
CFIndex,
CFStringEncoding,
]
CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.restype = c_bool
CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, c_char_p, CFIndex]
CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.restype = CFDataRef
CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.restype = CFIndex
CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.argtypes = [CFDataRef]
CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.restype = c_void_p
CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate.argtypes = [
CFAllocatorRef,
POINTER(CFTypeRef),
POINTER(CFTypeRef),
CFIndex,
CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
CFDictionaryValueCallBacks,
]
CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate.restype = CFDictionaryRef
CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryGetValue.argtypes = [CFDictionaryRef, CFTypeRef]
CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryGetValue.restype = CFTypeRef
CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.argtypes = [
CFAllocatorRef,
POINTER(CFTypeRef),
CFIndex,
CFArrayCallBacks,
]
CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.restype = CFArrayRef
CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.argtypes = [
CFAllocatorRef,
CFIndex,
CFArrayCallBacks,
]
CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.restype = CFMutableArrayRef
CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.argtypes = [CFMutableArrayRef, c_void_p]
CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.restype = None
CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.argtypes = [CFArrayRef]
CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.restype = CFIndex
CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.argtypes = [CFArrayRef, CFIndex]
CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.restype = c_void_p
CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault = CFAllocatorRef.in_dll(
CoreFoundation, "kCFAllocatorDefault"
)
CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(
CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeArrayCallBacks"
)
CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(
CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks"
)
CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll(
CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks"
)
CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef = CFTypeRef
CoreFoundation.CFArrayRef = CFArrayRef
CoreFoundation.CFStringRef = CFStringRef
CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryRef = CFDictionaryRef
except AttributeError:
raise ImportError("Error initializing ctypes") from None
class CFConst:
"""
A class object that acts as essentially a namespace for CoreFoundation
constants.
"""
kCFStringEncodingUTF8 = CFStringEncoding(0x08000100)

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"""
Low-level helpers for the SecureTransport bindings.
These are Python functions that are not directly related to the high-level APIs
but are necessary to get them to work. They include a whole bunch of low-level
CoreFoundation messing about and memory management. The concerns in this module
are almost entirely about trying to avoid memory leaks and providing
appropriate and useful assistance to the higher-level code.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import base64
import ctypes
import itertools
import os
import re
import ssl
import struct
import tempfile
import typing
from .bindings import ( # type: ignore[attr-defined]
CFArray,
CFConst,
CFData,
CFDictionary,
CFMutableArray,
CFString,
CFTypeRef,
CoreFoundation,
SecKeychainRef,
Security,
)
# This regular expression is used to grab PEM data out of a PEM bundle.
_PEM_CERTS_RE = re.compile(
b"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n(.*?)\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----", re.DOTALL
)
def _cf_data_from_bytes(bytestring: bytes) -> CFData:
"""
Given a bytestring, create a CFData object from it. This CFData object must
be CFReleased by the caller.
"""
return CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate(
CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, bytestring, len(bytestring)
)
def _cf_dictionary_from_tuples(
tuples: list[tuple[typing.Any, typing.Any]]
) -> CFDictionary:
"""
Given a list of Python tuples, create an associated CFDictionary.
"""
dictionary_size = len(tuples)
# We need to get the dictionary keys and values out in the same order.
keys = (t[0] for t in tuples)
values = (t[1] for t in tuples)
cf_keys = (CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef * dictionary_size)(*keys)
cf_values = (CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef * dictionary_size)(*values)
return CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate(
CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
cf_keys,
cf_values,
dictionary_size,
CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks,
CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks,
)
def _cfstr(py_bstr: bytes) -> CFString:
"""
Given a Python binary data, create a CFString.
The string must be CFReleased by the caller.
"""
c_str = ctypes.c_char_p(py_bstr)
cf_str = CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString(
CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
c_str,
CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8,
)
return cf_str
def _create_cfstring_array(lst: list[bytes]) -> CFMutableArray:
"""
Given a list of Python binary data, create an associated CFMutableArray.
The array must be CFReleased by the caller.
Raises an ssl.SSLError on failure.
"""
cf_arr = None
try:
cf_arr = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
0,
ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
)
if not cf_arr:
raise MemoryError("Unable to allocate memory!")
for item in lst:
cf_str = _cfstr(item)
if not cf_str:
raise MemoryError("Unable to allocate memory!")
try:
CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(cf_arr, cf_str)
finally:
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_str)
except BaseException as e:
if cf_arr:
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_arr)
raise ssl.SSLError(f"Unable to allocate array: {e}") from None
return cf_arr
def _cf_string_to_unicode(value: CFString) -> str | None:
"""
Creates a Unicode string from a CFString object. Used entirely for error
reporting.
Yes, it annoys me quite a lot that this function is this complex.
"""
value_as_void_p = ctypes.cast(value, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_void_p))
string = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr(
value_as_void_p, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
)
if string is None:
buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(1024)
result = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString(
value_as_void_p, buffer, 1024, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8
)
if not result:
raise OSError("Error copying C string from CFStringRef")
string = buffer.value
if string is not None:
string = string.decode("utf-8")
return string # type: ignore[no-any-return]
def _assert_no_error(
error: int, exception_class: type[BaseException] | None = None
) -> None:
"""
Checks the return code and throws an exception if there is an error to
report
"""
if error == 0:
return
cf_error_string = Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString(error, None)
output = _cf_string_to_unicode(cf_error_string)
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_error_string)
if output is None or output == "":
output = f"OSStatus {error}"
if exception_class is None:
exception_class = ssl.SSLError
raise exception_class(output)
def _cert_array_from_pem(pem_bundle: bytes) -> CFArray:
"""
Given a bundle of certs in PEM format, turns them into a CFArray of certs
that can be used to validate a cert chain.
"""
# Normalize the PEM bundle's line endings.
pem_bundle = pem_bundle.replace(b"\r\n", b"\n")
der_certs = [
base64.b64decode(match.group(1)) for match in _PEM_CERTS_RE.finditer(pem_bundle)
]
if not der_certs:
raise ssl.SSLError("No root certificates specified")
cert_array = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
0,
ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
)
if not cert_array:
raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to allocate memory!")
try:
for der_bytes in der_certs:
certdata = _cf_data_from_bytes(der_bytes)
if not certdata:
raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to allocate memory!")
cert = Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData(
CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, certdata
)
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certdata)
if not cert:
raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to build cert object!")
CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(cert_array, cert)
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cert)
except Exception:
# We need to free the array before the exception bubbles further.
# We only want to do that if an error occurs: otherwise, the caller
# should free.
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cert_array)
raise
return cert_array
def _is_cert(item: CFTypeRef) -> bool:
"""
Returns True if a given CFTypeRef is a certificate.
"""
expected = Security.SecCertificateGetTypeID()
return CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID(item) == expected # type: ignore[no-any-return]
def _is_identity(item: CFTypeRef) -> bool:
"""
Returns True if a given CFTypeRef is an identity.
"""
expected = Security.SecIdentityGetTypeID()
return CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID(item) == expected # type: ignore[no-any-return]
def _temporary_keychain() -> tuple[SecKeychainRef, str]:
"""
This function creates a temporary Mac keychain that we can use to work with
credentials. This keychain uses a one-time password and a temporary file to
store the data. We expect to have one keychain per socket. The returned
SecKeychainRef must be freed by the caller, including calling
SecKeychainDelete.
Returns a tuple of the SecKeychainRef and the path to the temporary
directory that contains it.
"""
# Unfortunately, SecKeychainCreate requires a path to a keychain. This
# means we cannot use mkstemp to use a generic temporary file. Instead,
# we're going to create a temporary directory and a filename to use there.
# This filename will be 8 random bytes expanded into base64. We also need
# some random bytes to password-protect the keychain we're creating, so we
# ask for 40 random bytes.
random_bytes = os.urandom(40)
filename = base64.b16encode(random_bytes[:8]).decode("utf-8")
password = base64.b16encode(random_bytes[8:]) # Must be valid UTF-8
tempdirectory = tempfile.mkdtemp()
keychain_path = os.path.join(tempdirectory, filename).encode("utf-8")
# We now want to create the keychain itself.
keychain = Security.SecKeychainRef()
status = Security.SecKeychainCreate(
keychain_path, len(password), password, False, None, ctypes.byref(keychain)
)
_assert_no_error(status)
# Having created the keychain, we want to pass it off to the caller.
return keychain, tempdirectory
def _load_items_from_file(
keychain: SecKeychainRef, path: str
) -> tuple[list[CFTypeRef], list[CFTypeRef]]:
"""
Given a single file, loads all the trust objects from it into arrays and
the keychain.
Returns a tuple of lists: the first list is a list of identities, the
second a list of certs.
"""
certificates = []
identities = []
result_array = None
with open(path, "rb") as f:
raw_filedata = f.read()
try:
filedata = CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate(
CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, raw_filedata, len(raw_filedata)
)
result_array = CoreFoundation.CFArrayRef()
result = Security.SecItemImport(
filedata, # cert data
None, # Filename, leaving it out for now
None, # What the type of the file is, we don't care
None, # what's in the file, we don't care
0, # import flags
None, # key params, can include passphrase in the future
keychain, # The keychain to insert into
ctypes.byref(result_array), # Results
)
_assert_no_error(result)
# A CFArray is not very useful to us as an intermediary
# representation, so we are going to extract the objects we want
# and then free the array. We don't need to keep hold of keys: the
# keychain already has them!
result_count = CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount(result_array)
for index in range(result_count):
item = CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(result_array, index)
item = ctypes.cast(item, CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef)
if _is_cert(item):
CoreFoundation.CFRetain(item)
certificates.append(item)
elif _is_identity(item):
CoreFoundation.CFRetain(item)
identities.append(item)
finally:
if result_array:
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(result_array)
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(filedata)
return (identities, certificates)
def _load_client_cert_chain(keychain: SecKeychainRef, *paths: str | None) -> CFArray:
"""
Load certificates and maybe keys from a number of files. Has the end goal
of returning a CFArray containing one SecIdentityRef, and then zero or more
SecCertificateRef objects, suitable for use as a client certificate trust
chain.
"""
# Ok, the strategy.
#
# This relies on knowing that macOS will not give you a SecIdentityRef
# unless you have imported a key into a keychain. This is a somewhat
# artificial limitation of macOS (for example, it doesn't necessarily
# affect iOS), but there is nothing inside Security.framework that lets you
# get a SecIdentityRef without having a key in a keychain.
#
# So the policy here is we take all the files and iterate them in order.
# Each one will use SecItemImport to have one or more objects loaded from
# it. We will also point at a keychain that macOS can use to work with the
# private key.
#
# Once we have all the objects, we'll check what we actually have. If we
# already have a SecIdentityRef in hand, fab: we'll use that. Otherwise,
# we'll take the first certificate (which we assume to be our leaf) and
# ask the keychain to give us a SecIdentityRef with that cert's associated
# key.
#
# We'll then return a CFArray containing the trust chain: one
# SecIdentityRef and then zero-or-more SecCertificateRef objects. The
# responsibility for freeing this CFArray will be with the caller. This
# CFArray must remain alive for the entire connection, so in practice it
# will be stored with a single SSLSocket, along with the reference to the
# keychain.
certificates = []
identities = []
# Filter out bad paths.
filtered_paths = (path for path in paths if path)
try:
for file_path in filtered_paths:
new_identities, new_certs = _load_items_from_file(keychain, file_path)
identities.extend(new_identities)
certificates.extend(new_certs)
# Ok, we have everything. The question is: do we have an identity? If
# not, we want to grab one from the first cert we have.
if not identities:
new_identity = Security.SecIdentityRef()
status = Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate(
keychain, certificates[0], ctypes.byref(new_identity)
)
_assert_no_error(status)
identities.append(new_identity)
# We now want to release the original certificate, as we no longer
# need it.
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certificates.pop(0))
# We now need to build a new CFArray that holds the trust chain.
trust_chain = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable(
CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault,
0,
ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks),
)
for item in itertools.chain(identities, certificates):
# ArrayAppendValue does a CFRetain on the item. That's fine,
# because the finally block will release our other refs to them.
CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(trust_chain, item)
return trust_chain
finally:
for obj in itertools.chain(identities, certificates):
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(obj)
TLS_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS = {
"SSLv2": (0, 2),
"SSLv3": (3, 0),
"TLSv1": (3, 1),
"TLSv1.1": (3, 2),
"TLSv1.2": (3, 3),
}
def _build_tls_unknown_ca_alert(version: str) -> bytes:
"""
Builds a TLS alert record for an unknown CA.
"""
ver_maj, ver_min = TLS_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS[version]
severity_fatal = 0x02
description_unknown_ca = 0x30
msg = struct.pack(">BB", severity_fatal, description_unknown_ca)
msg_len = len(msg)
record_type_alert = 0x15
record = struct.pack(">BBBH", record_type_alert, ver_maj, ver_min, msg_len) + msg
return record
class SecurityConst:
"""
A class object that acts as essentially a namespace for Security constants.
"""
kSSLSessionOptionBreakOnServerAuth = 0
kSSLProtocol2 = 1
kSSLProtocol3 = 2
kTLSProtocol1 = 4
kTLSProtocol11 = 7
kTLSProtocol12 = 8
# SecureTransport does not support TLS 1.3 even if there's a constant for it
kTLSProtocol13 = 10
kTLSProtocolMaxSupported = 999
kSSLClientSide = 1
kSSLStreamType = 0
kSecFormatPEMSequence = 10
kSecTrustResultInvalid = 0
kSecTrustResultProceed = 1
# This gap is present on purpose: this was kSecTrustResultConfirm, which
# is deprecated.
kSecTrustResultDeny = 3
kSecTrustResultUnspecified = 4
kSecTrustResultRecoverableTrustFailure = 5
kSecTrustResultFatalTrustFailure = 6
kSecTrustResultOtherError = 7
errSSLProtocol = -9800
errSSLWouldBlock = -9803
errSSLClosedGraceful = -9805
errSSLClosedNoNotify = -9816
errSSLClosedAbort = -9806
errSSLXCertChainInvalid = -9807
errSSLCrypto = -9809
errSSLInternal = -9810
errSSLCertExpired = -9814
errSSLCertNotYetValid = -9815
errSSLUnknownRootCert = -9812
errSSLNoRootCert = -9813
errSSLHostNameMismatch = -9843
errSSLPeerHandshakeFail = -9824
errSSLPeerUserCancelled = -9839
errSSLWeakPeerEphemeralDHKey = -9850
errSSLServerAuthCompleted = -9841
errSSLRecordOverflow = -9847
errSecVerifyFailed = -67808
errSecNoTrustSettings = -25263
errSecItemNotFound = -25300
errSecInvalidTrustSettings = -25262

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@ -0,0 +1,548 @@
"""
Module for using pyOpenSSL as a TLS backend. This module was relevant before
the standard library ``ssl`` module supported SNI, but now that we've dropped
support for Python 2.7 all relevant Python versions support SNI so
**this module is no longer recommended**.
This needs the following packages installed:
* `pyOpenSSL`_ (tested with 16.0.0)
* `cryptography`_ (minimum 1.3.4, from pyopenssl)
* `idna`_ (minimum 2.0, from cryptography)
However, pyOpenSSL depends on cryptography, which depends on idna, so while we
use all three directly here we end up having relatively few packages required.
You can install them with the following command:
.. code-block:: bash
$ python -m pip install pyopenssl cryptography idna
To activate certificate checking, call
:func:`~urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3` from your Python code
before you begin making HTTP requests. This can be done in a ``sitecustomize``
module, or at any other time before your application begins using ``urllib3``,
like this:
.. code-block:: python
try:
import urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl
urllib3.contrib.pyopenssl.inject_into_urllib3()
except ImportError:
pass
.. _pyopenssl: https://www.pyopenssl.org
.. _cryptography: https://cryptography.io
.. _idna: https://github.com/kjd/idna
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import OpenSSL.SSL # type: ignore[import]
from cryptography import x509
try:
from cryptography.x509 import UnsupportedExtension # type: ignore[attr-defined]
except ImportError:
# UnsupportedExtension is gone in cryptography >= 2.1.0
class UnsupportedExtension(Exception): # type: ignore[no-redef]
pass
import logging
import ssl
import typing
from io import BytesIO
from socket import socket as socket_cls
from socket import timeout
from .. import util
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from OpenSSL.crypto import X509 # type: ignore[import]
__all__ = ["inject_into_urllib3", "extract_from_urllib3"]
# Map from urllib3 to PyOpenSSL compatible parameter-values.
_openssl_versions = {
util.ssl_.PROTOCOL_TLS: OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv23_METHOD, # type: ignore[attr-defined]
util.ssl_.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT: OpenSSL.SSL.SSLv23_METHOD, # type: ignore[attr-defined]
ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1: OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_METHOD,
}
if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1") and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "TLSv1_1_METHOD"):
_openssl_versions[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1] = OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_1_METHOD
if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2") and hasattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "TLSv1_2_METHOD"):
_openssl_versions[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2] = OpenSSL.SSL.TLSv1_2_METHOD
_stdlib_to_openssl_verify = {
ssl.CERT_NONE: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_NONE,
ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_PEER,
ssl.CERT_REQUIRED: OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_PEER
+ OpenSSL.SSL.VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT,
}
_openssl_to_stdlib_verify = {v: k for k, v in _stdlib_to_openssl_verify.items()}
# The SSLvX values are the most likely to be missing in the future
# but we check them all just to be sure.
_OP_NO_SSLv2_OR_SSLv3: int = getattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "OP_NO_SSLv2", 0) | getattr(
OpenSSL.SSL, "OP_NO_SSLv3", 0
)
_OP_NO_TLSv1: int = getattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "OP_NO_TLSv1", 0)
_OP_NO_TLSv1_1: int = getattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "OP_NO_TLSv1_1", 0)
_OP_NO_TLSv1_2: int = getattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "OP_NO_TLSv1_2", 0)
_OP_NO_TLSv1_3: int = getattr(OpenSSL.SSL, "OP_NO_TLSv1_3", 0)
_openssl_to_ssl_minimum_version: dict[int, int] = {
ssl.TLSVersion.MINIMUM_SUPPORTED: _OP_NO_SSLv2_OR_SSLv3,
ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1: _OP_NO_SSLv2_OR_SSLv3,
ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1: _OP_NO_SSLv2_OR_SSLv3 | _OP_NO_TLSv1,
ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2: _OP_NO_SSLv2_OR_SSLv3 | _OP_NO_TLSv1 | _OP_NO_TLSv1_1,
ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_3: (
_OP_NO_SSLv2_OR_SSLv3 | _OP_NO_TLSv1 | _OP_NO_TLSv1_1 | _OP_NO_TLSv1_2
),
ssl.TLSVersion.MAXIMUM_SUPPORTED: (
_OP_NO_SSLv2_OR_SSLv3 | _OP_NO_TLSv1 | _OP_NO_TLSv1_1 | _OP_NO_TLSv1_2
),
}
_openssl_to_ssl_maximum_version: dict[int, int] = {
ssl.TLSVersion.MINIMUM_SUPPORTED: (
_OP_NO_SSLv2_OR_SSLv3
| _OP_NO_TLSv1
| _OP_NO_TLSv1_1
| _OP_NO_TLSv1_2
| _OP_NO_TLSv1_3
),
ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1: (
_OP_NO_SSLv2_OR_SSLv3 | _OP_NO_TLSv1_1 | _OP_NO_TLSv1_2 | _OP_NO_TLSv1_3
),
ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1: _OP_NO_SSLv2_OR_SSLv3 | _OP_NO_TLSv1_2 | _OP_NO_TLSv1_3,
ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2: _OP_NO_SSLv2_OR_SSLv3 | _OP_NO_TLSv1_3,
ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_3: _OP_NO_SSLv2_OR_SSLv3,
ssl.TLSVersion.MAXIMUM_SUPPORTED: _OP_NO_SSLv2_OR_SSLv3,
}
# OpenSSL will only write 16K at a time
SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE = 16384
orig_util_SSLContext = util.ssl_.SSLContext
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def inject_into_urllib3() -> None:
"Monkey-patch urllib3 with PyOpenSSL-backed SSL-support."
_validate_dependencies_met()
util.SSLContext = PyOpenSSLContext # type: ignore[assignment]
util.ssl_.SSLContext = PyOpenSSLContext # type: ignore[assignment]
util.IS_PYOPENSSL = True
util.ssl_.IS_PYOPENSSL = True
def extract_from_urllib3() -> None:
"Undo monkey-patching by :func:`inject_into_urllib3`."
util.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
util.ssl_.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
util.IS_PYOPENSSL = False
util.ssl_.IS_PYOPENSSL = False
def _validate_dependencies_met() -> None:
"""
Verifies that PyOpenSSL's package-level dependencies have been met.
Throws `ImportError` if they are not met.
"""
# Method added in `cryptography==1.1`; not available in older versions
from cryptography.x509.extensions import Extensions
if getattr(Extensions, "get_extension_for_class", None) is None:
raise ImportError(
"'cryptography' module missing required functionality. "
"Try upgrading to v1.3.4 or newer."
)
# pyOpenSSL 0.14 and above use cryptography for OpenSSL bindings. The _x509
# attribute is only present on those versions.
from OpenSSL.crypto import X509
x509 = X509()
if getattr(x509, "_x509", None) is None:
raise ImportError(
"'pyOpenSSL' module missing required functionality. "
"Try upgrading to v0.14 or newer."
)
def _dnsname_to_stdlib(name: str) -> str | None:
"""
Converts a dNSName SubjectAlternativeName field to the form used by the
standard library on the given Python version.
Cryptography produces a dNSName as a unicode string that was idna-decoded
from ASCII bytes. We need to idna-encode that string to get it back, and
then on Python 3 we also need to convert to unicode via UTF-8 (the stdlib
uses PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize on it, which decodes via UTF-8).
If the name cannot be idna-encoded then we return None signalling that
the name given should be skipped.
"""
def idna_encode(name: str) -> bytes | None:
"""
Borrowed wholesale from the Python Cryptography Project. It turns out
that we can't just safely call `idna.encode`: it can explode for
wildcard names. This avoids that problem.
"""
import idna
try:
for prefix in ["*.", "."]:
if name.startswith(prefix):
name = name[len(prefix) :]
return prefix.encode("ascii") + idna.encode(name)
return idna.encode(name)
except idna.core.IDNAError:
return None
# Don't send IPv6 addresses through the IDNA encoder.
if ":" in name:
return name
encoded_name = idna_encode(name)
if encoded_name is None:
return None
return encoded_name.decode("utf-8")
def get_subj_alt_name(peer_cert: X509) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
"""
Given an PyOpenSSL certificate, provides all the subject alternative names.
"""
cert = peer_cert.to_cryptography()
# We want to find the SAN extension. Ask Cryptography to locate it (it's
# faster than looping in Python)
try:
ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(x509.SubjectAlternativeName).value
except x509.ExtensionNotFound:
# No such extension, return the empty list.
return []
except (
x509.DuplicateExtension,
UnsupportedExtension,
x509.UnsupportedGeneralNameType,
UnicodeError,
) as e:
# A problem has been found with the quality of the certificate. Assume
# no SAN field is present.
log.warning(
"A problem was encountered with the certificate that prevented "
"urllib3 from finding the SubjectAlternativeName field. This can "
"affect certificate validation. The error was %s",
e,
)
return []
# We want to return dNSName and iPAddress fields. We need to cast the IPs
# back to strings because the match_hostname function wants them as
# strings.
# Sadly the DNS names need to be idna encoded and then, on Python 3, UTF-8
# decoded. This is pretty frustrating, but that's what the standard library
# does with certificates, and so we need to attempt to do the same.
# We also want to skip over names which cannot be idna encoded.
names = [
("DNS", name)
for name in map(_dnsname_to_stdlib, ext.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName))
if name is not None
]
names.extend(
("IP Address", str(name)) for name in ext.get_values_for_type(x509.IPAddress)
)
return names
class WrappedSocket:
"""API-compatibility wrapper for Python OpenSSL's Connection-class."""
def __init__(
self,
connection: OpenSSL.SSL.Connection,
socket: socket_cls,
suppress_ragged_eofs: bool = True,
) -> None:
self.connection = connection
self.socket = socket
self.suppress_ragged_eofs = suppress_ragged_eofs
self._io_refs = 0
self._closed = False
def fileno(self) -> int:
return self.socket.fileno()
# Copy-pasted from Python 3.5 source code
def _decref_socketios(self) -> None:
if self._io_refs > 0:
self._io_refs -= 1
if self._closed:
self.close()
def recv(self, *args: typing.Any, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> bytes:
try:
data = self.connection.recv(*args, **kwargs)
except OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError as e:
if self.suppress_ragged_eofs and e.args == (-1, "Unexpected EOF"):
return b""
else:
raise OSError(e.args[0], str(e)) from e
except OpenSSL.SSL.ZeroReturnError:
if self.connection.get_shutdown() == OpenSSL.SSL.RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN:
return b""
else:
raise
except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError as e:
if not util.wait_for_read(self.socket, self.socket.gettimeout()):
raise timeout("The read operation timed out") from e
else:
return self.recv(*args, **kwargs)
# TLS 1.3 post-handshake authentication
except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
raise ssl.SSLError(f"read error: {e!r}") from e
else:
return data # type: ignore[no-any-return]
def recv_into(self, *args: typing.Any, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> int:
try:
return self.connection.recv_into(*args, **kwargs) # type: ignore[no-any-return]
except OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError as e:
if self.suppress_ragged_eofs and e.args == (-1, "Unexpected EOF"):
return 0
else:
raise OSError(e.args[0], str(e)) from e
except OpenSSL.SSL.ZeroReturnError:
if self.connection.get_shutdown() == OpenSSL.SSL.RECEIVED_SHUTDOWN:
return 0
else:
raise
except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError as e:
if not util.wait_for_read(self.socket, self.socket.gettimeout()):
raise timeout("The read operation timed out") from e
else:
return self.recv_into(*args, **kwargs)
# TLS 1.3 post-handshake authentication
except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
raise ssl.SSLError(f"read error: {e!r}") from e
def settimeout(self, timeout: float) -> None:
return self.socket.settimeout(timeout)
def _send_until_done(self, data: bytes) -> int:
while True:
try:
return self.connection.send(data) # type: ignore[no-any-return]
except OpenSSL.SSL.WantWriteError as e:
if not util.wait_for_write(self.socket, self.socket.gettimeout()):
raise timeout() from e
continue
except OpenSSL.SSL.SysCallError as e:
raise OSError(e.args[0], str(e)) from e
def sendall(self, data: bytes) -> None:
total_sent = 0
while total_sent < len(data):
sent = self._send_until_done(
data[total_sent : total_sent + SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE]
)
total_sent += sent
def shutdown(self) -> None:
# FIXME rethrow compatible exceptions should we ever use this
self.connection.shutdown()
def close(self) -> None:
self._closed = True
if self._io_refs <= 0:
self._real_close()
def _real_close(self) -> None:
try:
return self.connection.close() # type: ignore[no-any-return]
except OpenSSL.SSL.Error:
return
def getpeercert(
self, binary_form: bool = False
) -> dict[str, list[typing.Any]] | None:
x509 = self.connection.get_peer_certificate()
if not x509:
return x509 # type: ignore[no-any-return]
if binary_form:
return OpenSSL.crypto.dump_certificate(OpenSSL.crypto.FILETYPE_ASN1, x509) # type: ignore[no-any-return]
return {
"subject": ((("commonName", x509.get_subject().CN),),), # type: ignore[dict-item]
"subjectAltName": get_subj_alt_name(x509),
}
def version(self) -> str:
return self.connection.get_protocol_version_name() # type: ignore[no-any-return]
WrappedSocket.makefile = socket_cls.makefile # type: ignore[attr-defined]
class PyOpenSSLContext:
"""
I am a wrapper class for the PyOpenSSL ``Context`` object. I am responsible
for translating the interface of the standard library ``SSLContext`` object
to calls into PyOpenSSL.
"""
def __init__(self, protocol: int) -> None:
self.protocol = _openssl_versions[protocol]
self._ctx = OpenSSL.SSL.Context(self.protocol)
self._options = 0
self.check_hostname = False
self._minimum_version: int = ssl.TLSVersion.MINIMUM_SUPPORTED
self._maximum_version: int = ssl.TLSVersion.MAXIMUM_SUPPORTED
@property
def options(self) -> int:
return self._options
@options.setter
def options(self, value: int) -> None:
self._options = value
self._set_ctx_options()
@property
def verify_mode(self) -> int:
return _openssl_to_stdlib_verify[self._ctx.get_verify_mode()]
@verify_mode.setter
def verify_mode(self, value: ssl.VerifyMode) -> None:
self._ctx.set_verify(_stdlib_to_openssl_verify[value], _verify_callback)
def set_default_verify_paths(self) -> None:
self._ctx.set_default_verify_paths()
def set_ciphers(self, ciphers: bytes | str) -> None:
if isinstance(ciphers, str):
ciphers = ciphers.encode("utf-8")
self._ctx.set_cipher_list(ciphers)
def load_verify_locations(
self,
cafile: str | None = None,
capath: str | None = None,
cadata: bytes | None = None,
) -> None:
if cafile is not None:
cafile = cafile.encode("utf-8") # type: ignore[assignment]
if capath is not None:
capath = capath.encode("utf-8") # type: ignore[assignment]
try:
self._ctx.load_verify_locations(cafile, capath)
if cadata is not None:
self._ctx.load_verify_locations(BytesIO(cadata))
except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
raise ssl.SSLError(f"unable to load trusted certificates: {e!r}") from e
def load_cert_chain(
self,
certfile: str,
keyfile: str | None = None,
password: str | None = None,
) -> None:
try:
self._ctx.use_certificate_chain_file(certfile)
if password is not None:
if not isinstance(password, bytes):
password = password.encode("utf-8") # type: ignore[assignment]
self._ctx.set_passwd_cb(lambda *_: password)
self._ctx.use_privatekey_file(keyfile or certfile)
except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
raise ssl.SSLError(f"Unable to load certificate chain: {e!r}") from e
def set_alpn_protocols(self, protocols: list[bytes | str]) -> None:
protocols = [util.util.to_bytes(p, "ascii") for p in protocols]
return self._ctx.set_alpn_protos(protocols) # type: ignore[no-any-return]
def wrap_socket(
self,
sock: socket_cls,
server_side: bool = False,
do_handshake_on_connect: bool = True,
suppress_ragged_eofs: bool = True,
server_hostname: bytes | str | None = None,
) -> WrappedSocket:
cnx = OpenSSL.SSL.Connection(self._ctx, sock)
# If server_hostname is an IP, don't use it for SNI, per RFC6066 Section 3
if server_hostname and not util.ssl_.is_ipaddress(server_hostname):
if isinstance(server_hostname, str):
server_hostname = server_hostname.encode("utf-8")
cnx.set_tlsext_host_name(server_hostname)
cnx.set_connect_state()
while True:
try:
cnx.do_handshake()
except OpenSSL.SSL.WantReadError as e:
if not util.wait_for_read(sock, sock.gettimeout()):
raise timeout("select timed out") from e
continue
except OpenSSL.SSL.Error as e:
raise ssl.SSLError(f"bad handshake: {e!r}") from e
break
return WrappedSocket(cnx, sock)
def _set_ctx_options(self) -> None:
self._ctx.set_options(
self._options
| _openssl_to_ssl_minimum_version[self._minimum_version]
| _openssl_to_ssl_maximum_version[self._maximum_version]
)
@property
def minimum_version(self) -> int:
return self._minimum_version
@minimum_version.setter
def minimum_version(self, minimum_version: int) -> None:
self._minimum_version = minimum_version
self._set_ctx_options()
@property
def maximum_version(self) -> int:
return self._maximum_version
@maximum_version.setter
def maximum_version(self, maximum_version: int) -> None:
self._maximum_version = maximum_version
self._set_ctx_options()
def _verify_callback(
cnx: OpenSSL.SSL.Connection,
x509: X509,
err_no: int,
err_depth: int,
return_code: int,
) -> bool:
return err_no == 0

913
Scripts/reporter_lib/py37/urllib3/contrib/securetransport.py Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,913 @@
"""
SecureTranport support for urllib3 via ctypes.
This makes platform-native TLS available to urllib3 users on macOS without the
use of a compiler. This is an important feature because the Python Package
Index is moving to become a TLSv1.2-or-higher server, and the default OpenSSL
that ships with macOS is not capable of doing TLSv1.2. The only way to resolve
this is to give macOS users an alternative solution to the problem, and that
solution is to use SecureTransport.
We use ctypes here because this solution must not require a compiler. That's
because pip is not allowed to require a compiler either.
This is not intended to be a seriously long-term solution to this problem.
The hope is that PEP 543 will eventually solve this issue for us, at which
point we can retire this contrib module. But in the short term, we need to
solve the impending tire fire that is Python on Mac without this kind of
contrib module. So...here we are.
To use this module, simply import and inject it::
import urllib3.contrib.securetransport
urllib3.contrib.securetransport.inject_into_urllib3()
Happy TLSing!
This code is a bastardised version of the code found in Will Bond's oscrypto
library. An enormous debt is owed to him for blazing this trail for us. For
that reason, this code should be considered to be covered both by urllib3's
license and by oscrypto's:
.. code-block::
Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Will Bond <will@wbond.net>
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import contextlib
import ctypes
import errno
import os.path
import shutil
import socket
import ssl
import struct
import threading
import typing
import warnings
import weakref
from socket import socket as socket_cls
from .. import util
from ._securetransport.bindings import ( # type: ignore[attr-defined]
CoreFoundation,
Security,
)
from ._securetransport.low_level import (
SecurityConst,
_assert_no_error,
_build_tls_unknown_ca_alert,
_cert_array_from_pem,
_create_cfstring_array,
_load_client_cert_chain,
_temporary_keychain,
)
warnings.warn(
"'urllib3.contrib.securetransport' module is deprecated and will be removed "
"in urllib3 v2.1.0. Read more in this issue: "
"https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2681",
category=DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from typing_extensions import Literal
__all__ = ["inject_into_urllib3", "extract_from_urllib3"]
orig_util_SSLContext = util.ssl_.SSLContext
# This dictionary is used by the read callback to obtain a handle to the
# calling wrapped socket. This is a pretty silly approach, but for now it'll
# do. I feel like I should be able to smuggle a handle to the wrapped socket
# directly in the SSLConnectionRef, but for now this approach will work I
# guess.
#
# We need to lock around this structure for inserts, but we don't do it for
# reads/writes in the callbacks. The reasoning here goes as follows:
#
# 1. It is not possible to call into the callbacks before the dictionary is
# populated, so once in the callback the id must be in the dictionary.
# 2. The callbacks don't mutate the dictionary, they only read from it, and
# so cannot conflict with any of the insertions.
#
# This is good: if we had to lock in the callbacks we'd drastically slow down
# the performance of this code.
_connection_refs: weakref.WeakValueDictionary[
int, WrappedSocket
] = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
_connection_ref_lock = threading.Lock()
# Limit writes to 16kB. This is OpenSSL's limit, but we'll cargo-cult it over
# for no better reason than we need *a* limit, and this one is right there.
SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE = 16384
# Basically this is simple: for PROTOCOL_SSLv23 we turn it into a low of
# TLSv1 and a high of TLSv1.2. For everything else, we pin to that version.
# TLSv1 to 1.2 are supported on macOS 10.8+
_protocol_to_min_max = {
util.ssl_.PROTOCOL_TLS: (SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1, SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12), # type: ignore[attr-defined]
util.ssl_.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT: ( # type: ignore[attr-defined]
SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1,
SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12,
),
}
if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_SSLv2"):
_protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2] = (
SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2,
SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2,
)
if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_SSLv3"):
_protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3] = (
SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3,
SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3,
)
if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1"):
_protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1] = (
SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1,
SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1,
)
if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1"):
_protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1] = (
SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11,
SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11,
)
if hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2"):
_protocol_to_min_max[ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2] = (
SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12,
SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12,
)
_tls_version_to_st: dict[int, int] = {
ssl.TLSVersion.MINIMUM_SUPPORTED: SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1,
ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1: SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1,
ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_1: SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11,
ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2: SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12,
ssl.TLSVersion.MAXIMUM_SUPPORTED: SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12,
}
def inject_into_urllib3() -> None:
"""
Monkey-patch urllib3 with SecureTransport-backed SSL-support.
"""
util.SSLContext = SecureTransportContext # type: ignore[assignment]
util.ssl_.SSLContext = SecureTransportContext # type: ignore[assignment]
util.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = True
util.ssl_.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = True
def extract_from_urllib3() -> None:
"""
Undo monkey-patching by :func:`inject_into_urllib3`.
"""
util.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
util.ssl_.SSLContext = orig_util_SSLContext
util.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = False
util.ssl_.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = False
def _read_callback(
connection_id: int, data_buffer: int, data_length_pointer: bytearray
) -> int:
"""
SecureTransport read callback. This is called by ST to request that data
be returned from the socket.
"""
wrapped_socket = None
try:
wrapped_socket = _connection_refs.get(connection_id)
if wrapped_socket is None:
return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
base_socket = wrapped_socket.socket
requested_length = data_length_pointer[0]
timeout = wrapped_socket.gettimeout()
error = None
read_count = 0
try:
while read_count < requested_length:
if timeout is None or timeout >= 0:
if not util.wait_for_read(base_socket, timeout):
raise OSError(errno.EAGAIN, "timed out")
remaining = requested_length - read_count
buffer = (ctypes.c_char * remaining).from_address(
data_buffer + read_count
)
chunk_size = base_socket.recv_into(buffer, remaining)
read_count += chunk_size
if not chunk_size:
if not read_count:
return SecurityConst.errSSLClosedGraceful
break
except OSError as e:
error = e.errno
if error is not None and error != errno.EAGAIN:
data_length_pointer[0] = read_count
if error == errno.ECONNRESET or error == errno.EPIPE:
return SecurityConst.errSSLClosedAbort
raise
data_length_pointer[0] = read_count
if read_count != requested_length:
return SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock
return 0
except Exception as e:
if wrapped_socket is not None:
wrapped_socket._exception = e
return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
def _write_callback(
connection_id: int, data_buffer: int, data_length_pointer: bytearray
) -> int:
"""
SecureTransport write callback. This is called by ST to request that data
actually be sent on the network.
"""
wrapped_socket = None
try:
wrapped_socket = _connection_refs.get(connection_id)
if wrapped_socket is None:
return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
base_socket = wrapped_socket.socket
bytes_to_write = data_length_pointer[0]
data = ctypes.string_at(data_buffer, bytes_to_write)
timeout = wrapped_socket.gettimeout()
error = None
sent = 0
try:
while sent < bytes_to_write:
if timeout is None or timeout >= 0:
if not util.wait_for_write(base_socket, timeout):
raise OSError(errno.EAGAIN, "timed out")
chunk_sent = base_socket.send(data)
sent += chunk_sent
# This has some needless copying here, but I'm not sure there's
# much value in optimising this data path.
data = data[chunk_sent:]
except OSError as e:
error = e.errno
if error is not None and error != errno.EAGAIN:
data_length_pointer[0] = sent
if error == errno.ECONNRESET or error == errno.EPIPE:
return SecurityConst.errSSLClosedAbort
raise
data_length_pointer[0] = sent
if sent != bytes_to_write:
return SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock
return 0
except Exception as e:
if wrapped_socket is not None:
wrapped_socket._exception = e
return SecurityConst.errSSLInternal
# We need to keep these two objects references alive: if they get GC'd while
# in use then SecureTransport could attempt to call a function that is in freed
# memory. That would be...uh...bad. Yeah, that's the word. Bad.
_read_callback_pointer = Security.SSLReadFunc(_read_callback)
_write_callback_pointer = Security.SSLWriteFunc(_write_callback)
class WrappedSocket:
"""
API-compatibility wrapper for Python's OpenSSL wrapped socket object.
"""
def __init__(self, socket: socket_cls) -> None:
self.socket = socket
self.context = None
self._io_refs = 0
self._closed = False
self._real_closed = False
self._exception: Exception | None = None
self._keychain = None
self._keychain_dir: str | None = None
self._client_cert_chain = None
# We save off the previously-configured timeout and then set it to
# zero. This is done because we use select and friends to handle the
# timeouts, but if we leave the timeout set on the lower socket then
# Python will "kindly" call select on that socket again for us. Avoid
# that by forcing the timeout to zero.
self._timeout = self.socket.gettimeout()
self.socket.settimeout(0)
@contextlib.contextmanager
def _raise_on_error(self) -> typing.Generator[None, None, None]:
"""
A context manager that can be used to wrap calls that do I/O from
SecureTransport. If any of the I/O callbacks hit an exception, this
context manager will correctly propagate the exception after the fact.
This avoids silently swallowing those exceptions.
It also correctly forces the socket closed.
"""
self._exception = None
# We explicitly don't catch around this yield because in the unlikely
# event that an exception was hit in the block we don't want to swallow
# it.
yield
if self._exception is not None:
exception, self._exception = self._exception, None
self._real_close()
raise exception
def _set_alpn_protocols(self, protocols: list[bytes] | None) -> None:
"""
Sets up the ALPN protocols on the context.
"""
if not protocols:
return
protocols_arr = _create_cfstring_array(protocols)
try:
result = Security.SSLSetALPNProtocols(self.context, protocols_arr)
_assert_no_error(result)
finally:
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(protocols_arr)
def _custom_validate(self, verify: bool, trust_bundle: bytes | None) -> None:
"""
Called when we have set custom validation. We do this in two cases:
first, when cert validation is entirely disabled; and second, when
using a custom trust DB.
Raises an SSLError if the connection is not trusted.
"""
# If we disabled cert validation, just say: cool.
if not verify or trust_bundle is None:
return
successes = (
SecurityConst.kSecTrustResultUnspecified,
SecurityConst.kSecTrustResultProceed,
)
try:
trust_result = self._evaluate_trust(trust_bundle)
if trust_result in successes:
return
reason = f"error code: {int(trust_result)}"
exc = None
except Exception as e:
# Do not trust on error
reason = f"exception: {e!r}"
exc = e
# SecureTransport does not send an alert nor shuts down the connection.
rec = _build_tls_unknown_ca_alert(self.version())
self.socket.sendall(rec)
# close the connection immediately
# l_onoff = 1, activate linger
# l_linger = 0, linger for 0 seoncds
opts = struct.pack("ii", 1, 0)
self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_LINGER, opts)
self._real_close()
raise ssl.SSLError(f"certificate verify failed, {reason}") from exc
def _evaluate_trust(self, trust_bundle: bytes) -> int:
# We want data in memory, so load it up.
if os.path.isfile(trust_bundle):
with open(trust_bundle, "rb") as f:
trust_bundle = f.read()
cert_array = None
trust = Security.SecTrustRef()
try:
# Get a CFArray that contains the certs we want.
cert_array = _cert_array_from_pem(trust_bundle)
# Ok, now the hard part. We want to get the SecTrustRef that ST has
# created for this connection, shove our CAs into it, tell ST to
# ignore everything else it knows, and then ask if it can build a
# chain. This is a buuuunch of code.
result = Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust(self.context, ctypes.byref(trust))
_assert_no_error(result)
if not trust:
raise ssl.SSLError("Failed to copy trust reference")
result = Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(trust, cert_array)
_assert_no_error(result)
result = Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly(trust, True)
_assert_no_error(result)
trust_result = Security.SecTrustResultType()
result = Security.SecTrustEvaluate(trust, ctypes.byref(trust_result))
_assert_no_error(result)
finally:
if trust:
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(trust)
if cert_array is not None:
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cert_array)
return trust_result.value # type: ignore[no-any-return]
def handshake(
self,
server_hostname: bytes | str | None,
verify: bool,
trust_bundle: bytes | None,
min_version: int,
max_version: int,
client_cert: str | None,
client_key: str | None,
client_key_passphrase: typing.Any,
alpn_protocols: list[bytes] | None,
) -> None:
"""
Actually performs the TLS handshake. This is run automatically by
wrapped socket, and shouldn't be needed in user code.
"""
# First, we do the initial bits of connection setup. We need to create
# a context, set its I/O funcs, and set the connection reference.
self.context = Security.SSLCreateContext(
None, SecurityConst.kSSLClientSide, SecurityConst.kSSLStreamType
)
result = Security.SSLSetIOFuncs(
self.context, _read_callback_pointer, _write_callback_pointer
)
_assert_no_error(result)
# Here we need to compute the handle to use. We do this by taking the
# id of self modulo 2**31 - 1. If this is already in the dictionary, we
# just keep incrementing by one until we find a free space.
with _connection_ref_lock:
handle = id(self) % 2147483647
while handle in _connection_refs:
handle = (handle + 1) % 2147483647
_connection_refs[handle] = self
result = Security.SSLSetConnection(self.context, handle)
_assert_no_error(result)
# If we have a server hostname, we should set that too.
# RFC6066 Section 3 tells us not to use SNI when the host is an IP, but we have
# to do it anyway to match server_hostname against the server certificate
if server_hostname:
if not isinstance(server_hostname, bytes):
server_hostname = server_hostname.encode("utf-8")
result = Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName(
self.context, server_hostname, len(server_hostname)
)
_assert_no_error(result)
# Setup the ALPN protocols.
self._set_alpn_protocols(alpn_protocols)
# Set the minimum and maximum TLS versions.
result = Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin(self.context, min_version)
_assert_no_error(result)
result = Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax(self.context, max_version)
_assert_no_error(result)
# If there's a trust DB, we need to use it. We do that by telling
# SecureTransport to break on server auth. We also do that if we don't
# want to validate the certs at all: we just won't actually do any
# authing in that case.
if not verify or trust_bundle is not None:
result = Security.SSLSetSessionOption(
self.context, SecurityConst.kSSLSessionOptionBreakOnServerAuth, True
)
_assert_no_error(result)
# If there's a client cert, we need to use it.
if client_cert:
self._keychain, self._keychain_dir = _temporary_keychain()
self._client_cert_chain = _load_client_cert_chain(
self._keychain, client_cert, client_key
)
result = Security.SSLSetCertificate(self.context, self._client_cert_chain)
_assert_no_error(result)
while True:
with self._raise_on_error():
result = Security.SSLHandshake(self.context)
if result == SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock:
raise socket.timeout("handshake timed out")
elif result == SecurityConst.errSSLServerAuthCompleted:
self._custom_validate(verify, trust_bundle)
continue
else:
_assert_no_error(result)
break
def fileno(self) -> int:
return self.socket.fileno()
# Copy-pasted from Python 3.5 source code
def _decref_socketios(self) -> None:
if self._io_refs > 0:
self._io_refs -= 1
if self._closed:
self.close()
def recv(self, bufsiz: int) -> bytes:
buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(bufsiz)
bytes_read = self.recv_into(buffer, bufsiz)
data = buffer[:bytes_read]
return typing.cast(bytes, data)
def recv_into(
self, buffer: ctypes.Array[ctypes.c_char], nbytes: int | None = None
) -> int:
# Read short on EOF.
if self._real_closed:
return 0
if nbytes is None:
nbytes = len(buffer)
buffer = (ctypes.c_char * nbytes).from_buffer(buffer)
processed_bytes = ctypes.c_size_t(0)
with self._raise_on_error():
result = Security.SSLRead(
self.context, buffer, nbytes, ctypes.byref(processed_bytes)
)
# There are some result codes that we want to treat as "not always
# errors". Specifically, those are errSSLWouldBlock,
# errSSLClosedGraceful, and errSSLClosedNoNotify.
if result == SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock:
# If we didn't process any bytes, then this was just a time out.
# However, we can get errSSLWouldBlock in situations when we *did*
# read some data, and in those cases we should just read "short"
# and return.
if processed_bytes.value == 0:
# Timed out, no data read.
raise socket.timeout("recv timed out")
elif result in (
SecurityConst.errSSLClosedGraceful,
SecurityConst.errSSLClosedNoNotify,
):
# The remote peer has closed this connection. We should do so as
# well. Note that we don't actually return here because in
# principle this could actually be fired along with return data.
# It's unlikely though.
self._real_close()
else:
_assert_no_error(result)
# Ok, we read and probably succeeded. We should return whatever data
# was actually read.
return processed_bytes.value
def settimeout(self, timeout: float) -> None:
self._timeout = timeout
def gettimeout(self) -> float | None:
return self._timeout
def send(self, data: bytes) -> int:
processed_bytes = ctypes.c_size_t(0)
with self._raise_on_error():
result = Security.SSLWrite(
self.context, data, len(data), ctypes.byref(processed_bytes)
)
if result == SecurityConst.errSSLWouldBlock and processed_bytes.value == 0:
# Timed out
raise socket.timeout("send timed out")
else:
_assert_no_error(result)
# We sent, and probably succeeded. Tell them how much we sent.
return processed_bytes.value
def sendall(self, data: bytes) -> None:
total_sent = 0
while total_sent < len(data):
sent = self.send(data[total_sent : total_sent + SSL_WRITE_BLOCKSIZE])
total_sent += sent
def shutdown(self) -> None:
with self._raise_on_error():
Security.SSLClose(self.context)
def close(self) -> None:
self._closed = True
# TODO: should I do clean shutdown here? Do I have to?
if self._io_refs <= 0:
self._real_close()
def _real_close(self) -> None:
self._real_closed = True
if self.context:
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(self.context)
self.context = None
if self._client_cert_chain:
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(self._client_cert_chain)
self._client_cert_chain = None
if self._keychain:
Security.SecKeychainDelete(self._keychain)
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(self._keychain)
shutil.rmtree(self._keychain_dir)
self._keychain = self._keychain_dir = None
return self.socket.close()
def getpeercert(self, binary_form: bool = False) -> bytes | None:
# Urgh, annoying.
#
# Here's how we do this:
#
# 1. Call SSLCopyPeerTrust to get hold of the trust object for this
# connection.
# 2. Call SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex for index 0 to get the leaf.
# 3. To get the CN, call SecCertificateCopyCommonName and process that
# string so that it's of the appropriate type.
# 4. To get the SAN, we need to do something a bit more complex:
# a. Call SecCertificateCopyValues to get the data, requesting
# kSecOIDSubjectAltName.
# b. Mess about with this dictionary to try to get the SANs out.
#
# This is gross. Really gross. It's going to be a few hundred LoC extra
# just to repeat something that SecureTransport can *already do*. So my
# operating assumption at this time is that what we want to do is
# instead to just flag to urllib3 that it shouldn't do its own hostname
# validation when using SecureTransport.
if not binary_form:
raise ValueError("SecureTransport only supports dumping binary certs")
trust = Security.SecTrustRef()
certdata = None
der_bytes = None
try:
# Grab the trust store.
result = Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust(self.context, ctypes.byref(trust))
_assert_no_error(result)
if not trust:
# Probably we haven't done the handshake yet. No biggie.
return None
cert_count = Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount(trust)
if not cert_count:
# Also a case that might happen if we haven't handshaked.
# Handshook? Handshaken?
return None
leaf = Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex(trust, 0)
assert leaf
# Ok, now we want the DER bytes.
certdata = Security.SecCertificateCopyData(leaf)
assert certdata
data_length = CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength(certdata)
data_buffer = CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr(certdata)
der_bytes = ctypes.string_at(data_buffer, data_length)
finally:
if certdata:
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certdata)
if trust:
CoreFoundation.CFRelease(trust)
return der_bytes
def version(self) -> str:
protocol = Security.SSLProtocol()
result = Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion(
self.context, ctypes.byref(protocol)
)
_assert_no_error(result)
if protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol13:
raise ssl.SSLError("SecureTransport does not support TLS 1.3")
elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol12:
return "TLSv1.2"
elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol11:
return "TLSv1.1"
elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kTLSProtocol1:
return "TLSv1"
elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol3:
return "SSLv3"
elif protocol.value == SecurityConst.kSSLProtocol2:
return "SSLv2"
else:
raise ssl.SSLError(f"Unknown TLS version: {protocol!r}")
def makefile(
self: socket_cls,
mode: (
Literal["r"] | Literal["w"] | Literal["rw"] | Literal["wr"] | Literal[""]
) = "r",
buffering: int | None = None,
*args: typing.Any,
**kwargs: typing.Any,
) -> typing.BinaryIO | typing.TextIO:
# We disable buffering with SecureTransport because it conflicts with
# the buffering that ST does internally (see issue #1153 for more).
buffering = 0
return socket_cls.makefile(self, mode, buffering, *args, **kwargs)
WrappedSocket.makefile = makefile # type: ignore[attr-defined]
class SecureTransportContext:
"""
I am a wrapper class for the SecureTransport library, to translate the
interface of the standard library ``SSLContext`` object to calls into
SecureTransport.
"""
def __init__(self, protocol: int) -> None:
self._minimum_version: int = ssl.TLSVersion.MINIMUM_SUPPORTED
self._maximum_version: int = ssl.TLSVersion.MAXIMUM_SUPPORTED
if protocol not in (None, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT):
self._min_version, self._max_version = _protocol_to_min_max[protocol]
self._options = 0
self._verify = False
self._trust_bundle: bytes | None = None
self._client_cert: str | None = None
self._client_key: str | None = None
self._client_key_passphrase = None
self._alpn_protocols: list[bytes] | None = None
@property
def check_hostname(self) -> Literal[True]:
"""
SecureTransport cannot have its hostname checking disabled. For more,
see the comment on getpeercert() in this file.
"""
return True
@check_hostname.setter
def check_hostname(self, value: typing.Any) -> None:
"""
SecureTransport cannot have its hostname checking disabled. For more,
see the comment on getpeercert() in this file.
"""
@property
def options(self) -> int:
# TODO: Well, crap.
#
# So this is the bit of the code that is the most likely to cause us
# trouble. Essentially we need to enumerate all of the SSL options that
# users might want to use and try to see if we can sensibly translate
# them, or whether we should just ignore them.
return self._options
@options.setter
def options(self, value: int) -> None:
# TODO: Update in line with above.
self._options = value
@property
def verify_mode(self) -> int:
return ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if self._verify else ssl.CERT_NONE
@verify_mode.setter
def verify_mode(self, value: int) -> None:
self._verify = value == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
def set_default_verify_paths(self) -> None:
# So, this has to do something a bit weird. Specifically, what it does
# is nothing.
#
# This means that, if we had previously had load_verify_locations
# called, this does not undo that. We need to do that because it turns
# out that the rest of the urllib3 code will attempt to load the
# default verify paths if it hasn't been told about any paths, even if
# the context itself was sometime earlier. We resolve that by just
# ignoring it.
pass
def load_default_certs(self) -> None:
return self.set_default_verify_paths()
def set_ciphers(self, ciphers: typing.Any) -> None:
raise ValueError("SecureTransport doesn't support custom cipher strings")
def load_verify_locations(
self,
cafile: str | None = None,
capath: str | None = None,
cadata: bytes | None = None,
) -> None:
# OK, we only really support cadata and cafile.
if capath is not None:
raise ValueError("SecureTransport does not support cert directories")
# Raise if cafile does not exist.
if cafile is not None:
with open(cafile):
pass
self._trust_bundle = cafile or cadata # type: ignore[assignment]
def load_cert_chain(
self,
certfile: str,
keyfile: str | None = None,
password: str | None = None,
) -> None:
self._client_cert = certfile
self._client_key = keyfile
self._client_cert_passphrase = password
def set_alpn_protocols(self, protocols: list[str | bytes]) -> None:
"""
Sets the ALPN protocols that will later be set on the context.
Raises a NotImplementedError if ALPN is not supported.
"""
if not hasattr(Security, "SSLSetALPNProtocols"):
raise NotImplementedError(
"SecureTransport supports ALPN only in macOS 10.12+"
)
self._alpn_protocols = [util.util.to_bytes(p, "ascii") for p in protocols]
def wrap_socket(
self,
sock: socket_cls,
server_side: bool = False,
do_handshake_on_connect: bool = True,
suppress_ragged_eofs: bool = True,
server_hostname: bytes | str | None = None,
) -> WrappedSocket:
# So, what do we do here? Firstly, we assert some properties. This is a
# stripped down shim, so there is some functionality we don't support.
# See PEP 543 for the real deal.
assert not server_side
assert do_handshake_on_connect
assert suppress_ragged_eofs
# Ok, we're good to go. Now we want to create the wrapped socket object
# and store it in the appropriate place.
wrapped_socket = WrappedSocket(sock)
# Now we can handshake
wrapped_socket.handshake(
server_hostname,
self._verify,
self._trust_bundle,
_tls_version_to_st[self._minimum_version],
_tls_version_to_st[self._maximum_version],
self._client_cert,
self._client_key,
self._client_key_passphrase,
self._alpn_protocols,
)
return wrapped_socket
@property
def minimum_version(self) -> int:
return self._minimum_version
@minimum_version.setter
def minimum_version(self, minimum_version: int) -> None:
self._minimum_version = minimum_version
@property
def maximum_version(self) -> int:
return self._maximum_version
@maximum_version.setter
def maximum_version(self, maximum_version: int) -> None:
self._maximum_version = maximum_version

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"""
This module contains provisional support for SOCKS proxies from within
urllib3. This module supports SOCKS4, SOCKS4A (an extension of SOCKS4), and
SOCKS5. To enable its functionality, either install PySocks or install this
module with the ``socks`` extra.
The SOCKS implementation supports the full range of urllib3 features. It also
supports the following SOCKS features:
- SOCKS4A (``proxy_url='socks4a://...``)
- SOCKS4 (``proxy_url='socks4://...``)
- SOCKS5 with remote DNS (``proxy_url='socks5h://...``)
- SOCKS5 with local DNS (``proxy_url='socks5://...``)
- Usernames and passwords for the SOCKS proxy
.. note::
It is recommended to use ``socks5h://`` or ``socks4a://`` schemes in
your ``proxy_url`` to ensure that DNS resolution is done from the remote
server instead of client-side when connecting to a domain name.
SOCKS4 supports IPv4 and domain names with the SOCKS4A extension. SOCKS5
supports IPv4, IPv6, and domain names.
When connecting to a SOCKS4 proxy the ``username`` portion of the ``proxy_url``
will be sent as the ``userid`` section of the SOCKS request:
.. code-block:: python
proxy_url="socks4a://<userid>@proxy-host"
When connecting to a SOCKS5 proxy the ``username`` and ``password`` portion
of the ``proxy_url`` will be sent as the username/password to authenticate
with the proxy:
.. code-block:: python
proxy_url="socks5h://<username>:<password>@proxy-host"
"""
from __future__ import annotations
try:
import socks # type: ignore[import]
except ImportError:
import warnings
from ..exceptions import DependencyWarning
warnings.warn(
(
"SOCKS support in urllib3 requires the installation of optional "
"dependencies: specifically, PySocks. For more information, see "
"https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/contrib.html#socks-proxies"
),
DependencyWarning,
)
raise
import typing
from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
from ..connection import HTTPConnection, HTTPSConnection
from ..connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool
from ..exceptions import ConnectTimeoutError, NewConnectionError
from ..poolmanager import PoolManager
from ..util.url import parse_url
try:
import ssl
except ImportError:
ssl = None # type: ignore[assignment]
try:
from typing import TypedDict
class _TYPE_SOCKS_OPTIONS(TypedDict):
socks_version: int
proxy_host: str | None
proxy_port: str | None
username: str | None
password: str | None
rdns: bool
except ImportError: # Python 3.7
_TYPE_SOCKS_OPTIONS = typing.Dict[str, typing.Any] # type: ignore[misc, assignment]
class SOCKSConnection(HTTPConnection):
"""
A plain-text HTTP connection that connects via a SOCKS proxy.
"""
def __init__(
self,
_socks_options: _TYPE_SOCKS_OPTIONS,
*args: typing.Any,
**kwargs: typing.Any,
) -> None:
self._socks_options = _socks_options
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def _new_conn(self) -> socks.socksocket:
"""
Establish a new connection via the SOCKS proxy.
"""
extra_kw: dict[str, typing.Any] = {}
if self.source_address:
extra_kw["source_address"] = self.source_address
if self.socket_options:
extra_kw["socket_options"] = self.socket_options
try:
conn = socks.create_connection(
(self.host, self.port),
proxy_type=self._socks_options["socks_version"],
proxy_addr=self._socks_options["proxy_host"],
proxy_port=self._socks_options["proxy_port"],
proxy_username=self._socks_options["username"],
proxy_password=self._socks_options["password"],
proxy_rdns=self._socks_options["rdns"],
timeout=self.timeout,
**extra_kw,
)
except SocketTimeout as e:
raise ConnectTimeoutError(
self,
f"Connection to {self.host} timed out. (connect timeout={self.timeout})",
) from e
except socks.ProxyError as e:
# This is fragile as hell, but it seems to be the only way to raise
# useful errors here.
if e.socket_err:
error = e.socket_err
if isinstance(error, SocketTimeout):
raise ConnectTimeoutError(
self,
f"Connection to {self.host} timed out. (connect timeout={self.timeout})",
) from e
else:
# Adding `from e` messes with coverage somehow, so it's omitted.
# See #2386.
raise NewConnectionError(
self, f"Failed to establish a new connection: {error}"
)
else:
raise NewConnectionError(
self, f"Failed to establish a new connection: {e}"
) from e
except OSError as e: # Defensive: PySocks should catch all these.
raise NewConnectionError(
self, f"Failed to establish a new connection: {e}"
) from e
return conn
# We don't need to duplicate the Verified/Unverified distinction from
# urllib3/connection.py here because the HTTPSConnection will already have been
# correctly set to either the Verified or Unverified form by that module. This
# means the SOCKSHTTPSConnection will automatically be the correct type.
class SOCKSHTTPSConnection(SOCKSConnection, HTTPSConnection):
pass
class SOCKSHTTPConnectionPool(HTTPConnectionPool):
ConnectionCls = SOCKSConnection
class SOCKSHTTPSConnectionPool(HTTPSConnectionPool):
ConnectionCls = SOCKSHTTPSConnection
class SOCKSProxyManager(PoolManager):
"""
A version of the urllib3 ProxyManager that routes connections via the
defined SOCKS proxy.
"""
pool_classes_by_scheme = {
"http": SOCKSHTTPConnectionPool,
"https": SOCKSHTTPSConnectionPool,
}
def __init__(
self,
proxy_url: str,
username: str | None = None,
password: str | None = None,
num_pools: int = 10,
headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
**connection_pool_kw: typing.Any,
):
parsed = parse_url(proxy_url)
if username is None and password is None and parsed.auth is not None:
split = parsed.auth.split(":")
if len(split) == 2:
username, password = split
if parsed.scheme == "socks5":
socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5
rdns = False
elif parsed.scheme == "socks5h":
socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS5
rdns = True
elif parsed.scheme == "socks4":
socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4
rdns = False
elif parsed.scheme == "socks4a":
socks_version = socks.PROXY_TYPE_SOCKS4
rdns = True
else:
raise ValueError(f"Unable to determine SOCKS version from {proxy_url}")
self.proxy_url = proxy_url
socks_options = {
"socks_version": socks_version,
"proxy_host": parsed.host,
"proxy_port": parsed.port,
"username": username,
"password": password,
"rdns": rdns,
}
connection_pool_kw["_socks_options"] = socks_options
super().__init__(num_pools, headers, **connection_pool_kw)
self.pool_classes_by_scheme = SOCKSProxyManager.pool_classes_by_scheme

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from __future__ import annotations
import socket
import typing
import warnings
from email.errors import MessageDefect
from http.client import IncompleteRead as httplib_IncompleteRead
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from .connection import HTTPConnection
from .connectionpool import ConnectionPool
from .response import HTTPResponse
from .util.retry import Retry
# Base Exceptions
class HTTPError(Exception):
"""Base exception used by this module."""
class HTTPWarning(Warning):
"""Base warning used by this module."""
_TYPE_REDUCE_RESULT = typing.Tuple[
typing.Callable[..., object], typing.Tuple[object, ...]
]
class PoolError(HTTPError):
"""Base exception for errors caused within a pool."""
def __init__(self, pool: ConnectionPool, message: str) -> None:
self.pool = pool
super().__init__(f"{pool}: {message}")
def __reduce__(self) -> _TYPE_REDUCE_RESULT:
# For pickling purposes.
return self.__class__, (None, None)
class RequestError(PoolError):
"""Base exception for PoolErrors that have associated URLs."""
def __init__(self, pool: ConnectionPool, url: str, message: str) -> None:
self.url = url
super().__init__(pool, message)
def __reduce__(self) -> _TYPE_REDUCE_RESULT:
# For pickling purposes.
return self.__class__, (None, self.url, None)
class SSLError(HTTPError):
"""Raised when SSL certificate fails in an HTTPS connection."""
class ProxyError(HTTPError):
"""Raised when the connection to a proxy fails."""
# The original error is also available as __cause__.
original_error: Exception
def __init__(self, message: str, error: Exception) -> None:
super().__init__(message, error)
self.original_error = error
class DecodeError(HTTPError):
"""Raised when automatic decoding based on Content-Type fails."""
class ProtocolError(HTTPError):
"""Raised when something unexpected happens mid-request/response."""
#: Renamed to ProtocolError but aliased for backwards compatibility.
ConnectionError = ProtocolError
# Leaf Exceptions
class MaxRetryError(RequestError):
"""Raised when the maximum number of retries is exceeded.
:param pool: The connection pool
:type pool: :class:`~urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool`
:param str url: The requested Url
:param reason: The underlying error
:type reason: :class:`Exception`
"""
def __init__(
self, pool: ConnectionPool, url: str, reason: Exception | None = None
) -> None:
self.reason = reason
message = f"Max retries exceeded with url: {url} (Caused by {reason!r})"
super().__init__(pool, url, message)
class HostChangedError(RequestError):
"""Raised when an existing pool gets a request for a foreign host."""
def __init__(
self, pool: ConnectionPool, url: str, retries: Retry | int = 3
) -> None:
message = f"Tried to open a foreign host with url: {url}"
super().__init__(pool, url, message)
self.retries = retries
class TimeoutStateError(HTTPError):
"""Raised when passing an invalid state to a timeout"""
class TimeoutError(HTTPError):
"""Raised when a socket timeout error occurs.
Catching this error will catch both :exc:`ReadTimeoutErrors
<ReadTimeoutError>` and :exc:`ConnectTimeoutErrors <ConnectTimeoutError>`.
"""
class ReadTimeoutError(TimeoutError, RequestError):
"""Raised when a socket timeout occurs while receiving data from a server"""
# This timeout error does not have a URL attached and needs to inherit from the
# base HTTPError
class ConnectTimeoutError(TimeoutError):
"""Raised when a socket timeout occurs while connecting to a server"""
class NewConnectionError(ConnectTimeoutError, HTTPError):
"""Raised when we fail to establish a new connection. Usually ECONNREFUSED."""
def __init__(self, conn: HTTPConnection, message: str) -> None:
self.conn = conn
super().__init__(f"{conn}: {message}")
@property
def pool(self) -> HTTPConnection:
warnings.warn(
"The 'pool' property is deprecated and will be removed "
"in urllib3 v2.1.0. Use 'conn' instead.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
return self.conn
class NameResolutionError(NewConnectionError):
"""Raised when host name resolution fails."""
def __init__(self, host: str, conn: HTTPConnection, reason: socket.gaierror):
message = f"Failed to resolve '{host}' ({reason})"
super().__init__(conn, message)
class EmptyPoolError(PoolError):
"""Raised when a pool runs out of connections and no more are allowed."""
class FullPoolError(PoolError):
"""Raised when we try to add a connection to a full pool in blocking mode."""
class ClosedPoolError(PoolError):
"""Raised when a request enters a pool after the pool has been closed."""
class LocationValueError(ValueError, HTTPError):
"""Raised when there is something wrong with a given URL input."""
class LocationParseError(LocationValueError):
"""Raised when get_host or similar fails to parse the URL input."""
def __init__(self, location: str) -> None:
message = f"Failed to parse: {location}"
super().__init__(message)
self.location = location
class URLSchemeUnknown(LocationValueError):
"""Raised when a URL input has an unsupported scheme."""
def __init__(self, scheme: str):
message = f"Not supported URL scheme {scheme}"
super().__init__(message)
self.scheme = scheme
class ResponseError(HTTPError):
"""Used as a container for an error reason supplied in a MaxRetryError."""
GENERIC_ERROR = "too many error responses"
SPECIFIC_ERROR = "too many {status_code} error responses"
class SecurityWarning(HTTPWarning):
"""Warned when performing security reducing actions"""
class InsecureRequestWarning(SecurityWarning):
"""Warned when making an unverified HTTPS request."""
class NotOpenSSLWarning(SecurityWarning):
"""Warned when using unsupported SSL library"""
class SystemTimeWarning(SecurityWarning):
"""Warned when system time is suspected to be wrong"""
class InsecurePlatformWarning(SecurityWarning):
"""Warned when certain TLS/SSL configuration is not available on a platform."""
class DependencyWarning(HTTPWarning):
"""
Warned when an attempt is made to import a module with missing optional
dependencies.
"""
class ResponseNotChunked(ProtocolError, ValueError):
"""Response needs to be chunked in order to read it as chunks."""
class BodyNotHttplibCompatible(HTTPError):
"""
Body should be :class:`http.client.HTTPResponse` like
(have an fp attribute which returns raw chunks) for read_chunked().
"""
class IncompleteRead(HTTPError, httplib_IncompleteRead):
"""
Response length doesn't match expected Content-Length
Subclass of :class:`http.client.IncompleteRead` to allow int value
for ``partial`` to avoid creating large objects on streamed reads.
"""
def __init__(self, partial: int, expected: int) -> None:
self.partial = partial # type: ignore[assignment]
self.expected = expected
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return "IncompleteRead(%i bytes read, %i more expected)" % (
self.partial, # type: ignore[str-format]
self.expected,
)
class InvalidChunkLength(HTTPError, httplib_IncompleteRead):
"""Invalid chunk length in a chunked response."""
def __init__(self, response: HTTPResponse, length: bytes) -> None:
self.partial: int = response.tell() # type: ignore[assignment]
self.expected: int | None = response.length_remaining
self.response = response
self.length = length
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return "InvalidChunkLength(got length %r, %i bytes read)" % (
self.length,
self.partial,
)
class InvalidHeader(HTTPError):
"""The header provided was somehow invalid."""
class ProxySchemeUnknown(AssertionError, URLSchemeUnknown):
"""ProxyManager does not support the supplied scheme"""
# TODO(t-8ch): Stop inheriting from AssertionError in v2.0.
def __init__(self, scheme: str | None) -> None:
# 'localhost' is here because our URL parser parses
# localhost:8080 -> scheme=localhost, remove if we fix this.
if scheme == "localhost":
scheme = None
if scheme is None:
message = "Proxy URL had no scheme, should start with http:// or https://"
else:
message = f"Proxy URL had unsupported scheme {scheme}, should use http:// or https://"
super().__init__(message)
class ProxySchemeUnsupported(ValueError):
"""Fetching HTTPS resources through HTTPS proxies is unsupported"""
class HeaderParsingError(HTTPError):
"""Raised by assert_header_parsing, but we convert it to a log.warning statement."""
def __init__(
self, defects: list[MessageDefect], unparsed_data: bytes | str | None
) -> None:
message = f"{defects or 'Unknown'}, unparsed data: {unparsed_data!r}"
super().__init__(message)
class UnrewindableBodyError(HTTPError):
"""urllib3 encountered an error when trying to rewind a body"""

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from __future__ import annotations
import email.utils
import mimetypes
import typing
_TYPE_FIELD_VALUE = typing.Union[str, bytes]
_TYPE_FIELD_VALUE_TUPLE = typing.Union[
_TYPE_FIELD_VALUE,
typing.Tuple[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE],
typing.Tuple[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE, str],
]
def guess_content_type(
filename: str | None, default: str = "application/octet-stream"
) -> str:
"""
Guess the "Content-Type" of a file.
:param filename:
The filename to guess the "Content-Type" of using :mod:`mimetypes`.
:param default:
If no "Content-Type" can be guessed, default to `default`.
"""
if filename:
return mimetypes.guess_type(filename)[0] or default
return default
def format_header_param_rfc2231(name: str, value: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE) -> str:
"""
Helper function to format and quote a single header parameter using the
strategy defined in RFC 2231.
Particularly useful for header parameters which might contain
non-ASCII values, like file names. This follows
`RFC 2388 Section 4.4 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2388#section-4.4>`_.
:param name:
The name of the parameter, a string expected to be ASCII only.
:param value:
The value of the parameter, provided as ``bytes`` or `str``.
:returns:
An RFC-2231-formatted unicode string.
.. deprecated:: 2.0.0
Will be removed in urllib3 v2.1.0. This is not valid for
``multipart/form-data`` header parameters.
"""
import warnings
warnings.warn(
"'format_header_param_rfc2231' is deprecated and will be "
"removed in urllib3 v2.1.0. This is not valid for "
"multipart/form-data header parameters.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
if isinstance(value, bytes):
value = value.decode("utf-8")
if not any(ch in value for ch in '"\\\r\n'):
result = f'{name}="{value}"'
try:
result.encode("ascii")
except (UnicodeEncodeError, UnicodeDecodeError):
pass
else:
return result
value = email.utils.encode_rfc2231(value, "utf-8")
value = f"{name}*={value}"
return value
def format_multipart_header_param(name: str, value: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE) -> str:
"""
Format and quote a single multipart header parameter.
This follows the `WHATWG HTML Standard`_ as of 2021/06/10, matching
the behavior of current browser and curl versions. Values are
assumed to be UTF-8. The ``\\n``, ``\\r``, and ``"`` characters are
percent encoded.
.. _WHATWG HTML Standard:
https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/
form-control-infrastructure.html#multipart-form-data
:param name:
The name of the parameter, an ASCII-only ``str``.
:param value:
The value of the parameter, a ``str`` or UTF-8 encoded
``bytes``.
:returns:
A string ``name="value"`` with the escaped value.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
Matches the WHATWG HTML Standard as of 2021/06/10. Control
characters are no longer percent encoded.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
Renamed from ``format_header_param_html5`` and
``format_header_param``. The old names will be removed in
urllib3 v2.1.0.
"""
if isinstance(value, bytes):
value = value.decode("utf-8")
# percent encode \n \r "
value = value.translate({10: "%0A", 13: "%0D", 34: "%22"})
return f'{name}="{value}"'
def format_header_param_html5(name: str, value: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE) -> str:
"""
.. deprecated:: 2.0.0
Renamed to :func:`format_multipart_header_param`. Will be
removed in urllib3 v2.1.0.
"""
import warnings
warnings.warn(
"'format_header_param_html5' has been renamed to "
"'format_multipart_header_param'. The old name will be "
"removed in urllib3 v2.1.0.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
return format_multipart_header_param(name, value)
def format_header_param(name: str, value: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE) -> str:
"""
.. deprecated:: 2.0.0
Renamed to :func:`format_multipart_header_param`. Will be
removed in urllib3 v2.1.0.
"""
import warnings
warnings.warn(
"'format_header_param' has been renamed to "
"'format_multipart_header_param'. The old name will be "
"removed in urllib3 v2.1.0.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
return format_multipart_header_param(name, value)
class RequestField:
"""
A data container for request body parameters.
:param name:
The name of this request field. Must be unicode.
:param data:
The data/value body.
:param filename:
An optional filename of the request field. Must be unicode.
:param headers:
An optional dict-like object of headers to initially use for the field.
.. versionchanged:: 2.0.0
The ``header_formatter`` parameter is deprecated and will
be removed in urllib3 v2.1.0.
"""
def __init__(
self,
name: str,
data: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE,
filename: str | None = None,
headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
header_formatter: typing.Callable[[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE], str] | None = None,
):
self._name = name
self._filename = filename
self.data = data
self.headers: dict[str, str | None] = {}
if headers:
self.headers = dict(headers)
if header_formatter is not None:
import warnings
warnings.warn(
"The 'header_formatter' parameter is deprecated and "
"will be removed in urllib3 v2.1.0.",
DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
self.header_formatter = header_formatter
else:
self.header_formatter = format_multipart_header_param
@classmethod
def from_tuples(
cls,
fieldname: str,
value: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE_TUPLE,
header_formatter: typing.Callable[[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE], str] | None = None,
) -> RequestField:
"""
A :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` factory from old-style tuple parameters.
Supports constructing :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField` from
parameter of key/value strings AND key/filetuple. A filetuple is a
(filename, data, MIME type) tuple where the MIME type is optional.
For example::
'foo': 'bar',
'fakefile': ('foofile.txt', 'contents of foofile'),
'realfile': ('barfile.txt', open('realfile').read()),
'typedfile': ('bazfile.bin', open('bazfile').read(), 'image/jpeg'),
'nonamefile': 'contents of nonamefile field',
Field names and filenames must be unicode.
"""
filename: str | None
content_type: str | None
data: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE
if isinstance(value, tuple):
if len(value) == 3:
filename, data, content_type = typing.cast(
typing.Tuple[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE, str], value
)
else:
filename, data = typing.cast(
typing.Tuple[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE], value
)
content_type = guess_content_type(filename)
else:
filename = None
content_type = None
data = value
request_param = cls(
fieldname, data, filename=filename, header_formatter=header_formatter
)
request_param.make_multipart(content_type=content_type)
return request_param
def _render_part(self, name: str, value: _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE) -> str:
"""
Override this method to change how each multipart header
parameter is formatted. By default, this calls
:func:`format_multipart_header_param`.
:param name:
The name of the parameter, an ASCII-only ``str``.
:param value:
The value of the parameter, a ``str`` or UTF-8 encoded
``bytes``.
:meta public:
"""
return self.header_formatter(name, value)
def _render_parts(
self,
header_parts: (
dict[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE | None]
| typing.Sequence[tuple[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE | None]]
),
) -> str:
"""
Helper function to format and quote a single header.
Useful for single headers that are composed of multiple items. E.g.,
'Content-Disposition' fields.
:param header_parts:
A sequence of (k, v) tuples or a :class:`dict` of (k, v) to format
as `k1="v1"; k2="v2"; ...`.
"""
iterable: typing.Iterable[tuple[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE | None]]
parts = []
if isinstance(header_parts, dict):
iterable = header_parts.items()
else:
iterable = header_parts
for name, value in iterable:
if value is not None:
parts.append(self._render_part(name, value))
return "; ".join(parts)
def render_headers(self) -> str:
"""
Renders the headers for this request field.
"""
lines = []
sort_keys = ["Content-Disposition", "Content-Type", "Content-Location"]
for sort_key in sort_keys:
if self.headers.get(sort_key, False):
lines.append(f"{sort_key}: {self.headers[sort_key]}")
for header_name, header_value in self.headers.items():
if header_name not in sort_keys:
if header_value:
lines.append(f"{header_name}: {header_value}")
lines.append("\r\n")
return "\r\n".join(lines)
def make_multipart(
self,
content_disposition: str | None = None,
content_type: str | None = None,
content_location: str | None = None,
) -> None:
"""
Makes this request field into a multipart request field.
This method overrides "Content-Disposition", "Content-Type" and
"Content-Location" headers to the request parameter.
:param content_disposition:
The 'Content-Disposition' of the request body. Defaults to 'form-data'
:param content_type:
The 'Content-Type' of the request body.
:param content_location:
The 'Content-Location' of the request body.
"""
content_disposition = (content_disposition or "form-data") + "; ".join(
[
"",
self._render_parts(
(("name", self._name), ("filename", self._filename))
),
]
)
self.headers["Content-Disposition"] = content_disposition
self.headers["Content-Type"] = content_type
self.headers["Content-Location"] = content_location

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from __future__ import annotations
import binascii
import codecs
import os
import typing
from io import BytesIO
from .fields import _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE_TUPLE, RequestField
writer = codecs.lookup("utf-8")[3]
_TYPE_FIELDS_SEQUENCE = typing.Sequence[
typing.Union[typing.Tuple[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE_TUPLE], RequestField]
]
_TYPE_FIELDS = typing.Union[
_TYPE_FIELDS_SEQUENCE,
typing.Mapping[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE_TUPLE],
]
def choose_boundary() -> str:
"""
Our embarrassingly-simple replacement for mimetools.choose_boundary.
"""
return binascii.hexlify(os.urandom(16)).decode()
def iter_field_objects(fields: _TYPE_FIELDS) -> typing.Iterable[RequestField]:
"""
Iterate over fields.
Supports list of (k, v) tuples and dicts, and lists of
:class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField`.
"""
iterable: typing.Iterable[RequestField | tuple[str, _TYPE_FIELD_VALUE_TUPLE]]
if isinstance(fields, typing.Mapping):
iterable = fields.items()
else:
iterable = fields
for field in iterable:
if isinstance(field, RequestField):
yield field
else:
yield RequestField.from_tuples(*field)
def encode_multipart_formdata(
fields: _TYPE_FIELDS, boundary: str | None = None
) -> tuple[bytes, str]:
"""
Encode a dictionary of ``fields`` using the multipart/form-data MIME format.
:param fields:
Dictionary of fields or list of (key, :class:`~urllib3.fields.RequestField`).
Values are processed by :func:`urllib3.fields.RequestField.from_tuples`.
:param boundary:
If not specified, then a random boundary will be generated using
:func:`urllib3.filepost.choose_boundary`.
"""
body = BytesIO()
if boundary is None:
boundary = choose_boundary()
for field in iter_field_objects(fields):
body.write(f"--{boundary}\r\n".encode("latin-1"))
writer(body).write(field.render_headers())
data = field.data
if isinstance(data, int):
data = str(data) # Backwards compatibility
if isinstance(data, str):
writer(body).write(data)
else:
body.write(data)
body.write(b"\r\n")
body.write(f"--{boundary}--\r\n".encode("latin-1"))
content_type = f"multipart/form-data; boundary={boundary}"
return body.getvalue(), content_type

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from __future__ import annotations
import functools
import logging
import typing
import warnings
from types import TracebackType
from urllib.parse import urljoin
from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict, RecentlyUsedContainer
from ._request_methods import RequestMethods
from .connection import ProxyConfig
from .connectionpool import HTTPConnectionPool, HTTPSConnectionPool, port_by_scheme
from .exceptions import (
LocationValueError,
MaxRetryError,
ProxySchemeUnknown,
URLSchemeUnknown,
)
from .response import BaseHTTPResponse
from .util.connection import _TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS
from .util.proxy import connection_requires_http_tunnel
from .util.retry import Retry
from .util.timeout import Timeout
from .util.url import Url, parse_url
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
import ssl
from typing_extensions import Literal
__all__ = ["PoolManager", "ProxyManager", "proxy_from_url"]
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
SSL_KEYWORDS = (
"key_file",
"cert_file",
"cert_reqs",
"ca_certs",
"ssl_version",
"ssl_minimum_version",
"ssl_maximum_version",
"ca_cert_dir",
"ssl_context",
"key_password",
"server_hostname",
)
# Default value for `blocksize` - a new parameter introduced to
# http.client.HTTPConnection & http.client.HTTPSConnection in Python 3.7
_DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE = 16384
_SelfT = typing.TypeVar("_SelfT")
class PoolKey(typing.NamedTuple):
"""
All known keyword arguments that could be provided to the pool manager, its
pools, or the underlying connections.
All custom key schemes should include the fields in this key at a minimum.
"""
key_scheme: str
key_host: str
key_port: int | None
key_timeout: Timeout | float | int | None
key_retries: Retry | bool | int | None
key_block: bool | None
key_source_address: tuple[str, int] | None
key_key_file: str | None
key_key_password: str | None
key_cert_file: str | None
key_cert_reqs: str | None
key_ca_certs: str | None
key_ssl_version: int | str | None
key_ssl_minimum_version: ssl.TLSVersion | None
key_ssl_maximum_version: ssl.TLSVersion | None
key_ca_cert_dir: str | None
key_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None
key_maxsize: int | None
key_headers: frozenset[tuple[str, str]] | None
key__proxy: Url | None
key__proxy_headers: frozenset[tuple[str, str]] | None
key__proxy_config: ProxyConfig | None
key_socket_options: _TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS | None
key__socks_options: frozenset[tuple[str, str]] | None
key_assert_hostname: bool | str | None
key_assert_fingerprint: str | None
key_server_hostname: str | None
key_blocksize: int | None
def _default_key_normalizer(
key_class: type[PoolKey], request_context: dict[str, typing.Any]
) -> PoolKey:
"""
Create a pool key out of a request context dictionary.
According to RFC 3986, both the scheme and host are case-insensitive.
Therefore, this function normalizes both before constructing the pool
key for an HTTPS request. If you wish to change this behaviour, provide
alternate callables to ``key_fn_by_scheme``.
:param key_class:
The class to use when constructing the key. This should be a namedtuple
with the ``scheme`` and ``host`` keys at a minimum.
:type key_class: namedtuple
:param request_context:
A dictionary-like object that contain the context for a request.
:type request_context: dict
:return: A namedtuple that can be used as a connection pool key.
:rtype: PoolKey
"""
# Since we mutate the dictionary, make a copy first
context = request_context.copy()
context["scheme"] = context["scheme"].lower()
context["host"] = context["host"].lower()
# These are both dictionaries and need to be transformed into frozensets
for key in ("headers", "_proxy_headers", "_socks_options"):
if key in context and context[key] is not None:
context[key] = frozenset(context[key].items())
# The socket_options key may be a list and needs to be transformed into a
# tuple.
socket_opts = context.get("socket_options")
if socket_opts is not None:
context["socket_options"] = tuple(socket_opts)
# Map the kwargs to the names in the namedtuple - this is necessary since
# namedtuples can't have fields starting with '_'.
for key in list(context.keys()):
context["key_" + key] = context.pop(key)
# Default to ``None`` for keys missing from the context
for field in key_class._fields:
if field not in context:
context[field] = None
# Default key_blocksize to _DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE if missing from the context
if context.get("key_blocksize") is None:
context["key_blocksize"] = _DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE
return key_class(**context)
#: A dictionary that maps a scheme to a callable that creates a pool key.
#: This can be used to alter the way pool keys are constructed, if desired.
#: Each PoolManager makes a copy of this dictionary so they can be configured
#: globally here, or individually on the instance.
key_fn_by_scheme = {
"http": functools.partial(_default_key_normalizer, PoolKey),
"https": functools.partial(_default_key_normalizer, PoolKey),
}
pool_classes_by_scheme = {"http": HTTPConnectionPool, "https": HTTPSConnectionPool}
class PoolManager(RequestMethods):
"""
Allows for arbitrary requests while transparently keeping track of
necessary connection pools for you.
:param num_pools:
Number of connection pools to cache before discarding the least
recently used pool.
:param headers:
Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given
explicitly.
:param \\**connection_pool_kw:
Additional parameters are used to create fresh
:class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` instances.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
import urllib3
http = urllib3.PoolManager(num_pools=2)
resp1 = http.request("GET", "https://google.com/")
resp2 = http.request("GET", "https://google.com/mail")
resp3 = http.request("GET", "https://yahoo.com/")
print(len(http.pools))
# 2
"""
proxy: Url | None = None
proxy_config: ProxyConfig | None = None
def __init__(
self,
num_pools: int = 10,
headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
**connection_pool_kw: typing.Any,
) -> None:
super().__init__(headers)
self.connection_pool_kw = connection_pool_kw
self.pools: RecentlyUsedContainer[PoolKey, HTTPConnectionPool]
self.pools = RecentlyUsedContainer(num_pools)
# Locally set the pool classes and keys so other PoolManagers can
# override them.
self.pool_classes_by_scheme = pool_classes_by_scheme
self.key_fn_by_scheme = key_fn_by_scheme.copy()
def __enter__(self: _SelfT) -> _SelfT:
return self
def __exit__(
self,
exc_type: type[BaseException] | None,
exc_val: BaseException | None,
exc_tb: TracebackType | None,
) -> Literal[False]:
self.clear()
# Return False to re-raise any potential exceptions
return False
def _new_pool(
self,
scheme: str,
host: str,
port: int,
request_context: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None,
) -> HTTPConnectionPool:
"""
Create a new :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on host, port, scheme, and
any additional pool keyword arguments.
If ``request_context`` is provided, it is provided as keyword arguments
to the pool class used. This method is used to actually create the
connection pools handed out by :meth:`connection_from_url` and
companion methods. It is intended to be overridden for customization.
"""
pool_cls: type[HTTPConnectionPool] = self.pool_classes_by_scheme[scheme]
if request_context is None:
request_context = self.connection_pool_kw.copy()
# Default blocksize to _DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE if missing or explicitly
# set to 'None' in the request_context.
if request_context.get("blocksize") is None:
request_context["blocksize"] = _DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE
# Although the context has everything necessary to create the pool,
# this function has historically only used the scheme, host, and port
# in the positional args. When an API change is acceptable these can
# be removed.
for key in ("scheme", "host", "port"):
request_context.pop(key, None)
if scheme == "http":
for kw in SSL_KEYWORDS:
request_context.pop(kw, None)
return pool_cls(host, port, **request_context)
def clear(self) -> None:
"""
Empty our store of pools and direct them all to close.
This will not affect in-flight connections, but they will not be
re-used after completion.
"""
self.pools.clear()
def connection_from_host(
self,
host: str | None,
port: int | None = None,
scheme: str | None = "http",
pool_kwargs: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None,
) -> HTTPConnectionPool:
"""
Get a :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on the host, port, and scheme.
If ``port`` isn't given, it will be derived from the ``scheme`` using
``urllib3.connectionpool.port_by_scheme``. If ``pool_kwargs`` is
provided, it is merged with the instance's ``connection_pool_kw``
variable and used to create the new connection pool, if one is
needed.
"""
if not host:
raise LocationValueError("No host specified.")
request_context = self._merge_pool_kwargs(pool_kwargs)
request_context["scheme"] = scheme or "http"
if not port:
port = port_by_scheme.get(request_context["scheme"].lower(), 80)
request_context["port"] = port
request_context["host"] = host
return self.connection_from_context(request_context)
def connection_from_context(
self, request_context: dict[str, typing.Any]
) -> HTTPConnectionPool:
"""
Get a :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on the request context.
``request_context`` must at least contain the ``scheme`` key and its
value must be a key in ``key_fn_by_scheme`` instance variable.
"""
if "strict" in request_context:
warnings.warn(
"The 'strict' parameter is no longer needed on Python 3+. "
"This will raise an error in urllib3 v2.1.0.",
DeprecationWarning,
)
request_context.pop("strict")
scheme = request_context["scheme"].lower()
pool_key_constructor = self.key_fn_by_scheme.get(scheme)
if not pool_key_constructor:
raise URLSchemeUnknown(scheme)
pool_key = pool_key_constructor(request_context)
return self.connection_from_pool_key(pool_key, request_context=request_context)
def connection_from_pool_key(
self, pool_key: PoolKey, request_context: dict[str, typing.Any]
) -> HTTPConnectionPool:
"""
Get a :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` based on the provided pool key.
``pool_key`` should be a namedtuple that only contains immutable
objects. At a minimum it must have the ``scheme``, ``host``, and
``port`` fields.
"""
with self.pools.lock:
# If the scheme, host, or port doesn't match existing open
# connections, open a new ConnectionPool.
pool = self.pools.get(pool_key)
if pool:
return pool
# Make a fresh ConnectionPool of the desired type
scheme = request_context["scheme"]
host = request_context["host"]
port = request_context["port"]
pool = self._new_pool(scheme, host, port, request_context=request_context)
self.pools[pool_key] = pool
return pool
def connection_from_url(
self, url: str, pool_kwargs: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None
) -> HTTPConnectionPool:
"""
Similar to :func:`urllib3.connectionpool.connection_from_url`.
If ``pool_kwargs`` is not provided and a new pool needs to be
constructed, ``self.connection_pool_kw`` is used to initialize
the :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool`. If ``pool_kwargs``
is provided, it is used instead. Note that if a new pool does not
need to be created for the request, the provided ``pool_kwargs`` are
not used.
"""
u = parse_url(url)
return self.connection_from_host(
u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
)
def _merge_pool_kwargs(
self, override: dict[str, typing.Any] | None
) -> dict[str, typing.Any]:
"""
Merge a dictionary of override values for self.connection_pool_kw.
This does not modify self.connection_pool_kw and returns a new dict.
Any keys in the override dictionary with a value of ``None`` are
removed from the merged dictionary.
"""
base_pool_kwargs = self.connection_pool_kw.copy()
if override:
for key, value in override.items():
if value is None:
try:
del base_pool_kwargs[key]
except KeyError:
pass
else:
base_pool_kwargs[key] = value
return base_pool_kwargs
def _proxy_requires_url_absolute_form(self, parsed_url: Url) -> bool:
"""
Indicates if the proxy requires the complete destination URL in the
request. Normally this is only needed when not using an HTTP CONNECT
tunnel.
"""
if self.proxy is None:
return False
return not connection_requires_http_tunnel(
self.proxy, self.proxy_config, parsed_url.scheme
)
def urlopen( # type: ignore[override]
self, method: str, url: str, redirect: bool = True, **kw: typing.Any
) -> BaseHTTPResponse:
"""
Same as :meth:`urllib3.HTTPConnectionPool.urlopen`
with custom cross-host redirect logic and only sends the request-uri
portion of the ``url``.
The given ``url`` parameter must be absolute, such that an appropriate
:class:`urllib3.connectionpool.ConnectionPool` can be chosen for it.
"""
u = parse_url(url)
if u.scheme is None:
warnings.warn(
"URLs without a scheme (ie 'https://') are deprecated and will raise an error "
"in a future version of urllib3. To avoid this DeprecationWarning ensure all URLs "
"start with 'https://' or 'http://'. Read more in this issue: "
"https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2920",
category=DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
conn = self.connection_from_host(u.host, port=u.port, scheme=u.scheme)
kw["assert_same_host"] = False
kw["redirect"] = False
if "headers" not in kw:
kw["headers"] = self.headers
if self._proxy_requires_url_absolute_form(u):
response = conn.urlopen(method, url, **kw)
else:
response = conn.urlopen(method, u.request_uri, **kw)
redirect_location = redirect and response.get_redirect_location()
if not redirect_location:
return response
# Support relative URLs for redirecting.
redirect_location = urljoin(url, redirect_location)
if response.status == 303:
# Change the method according to RFC 9110, Section 15.4.4.
method = "GET"
# And lose the body not to transfer anything sensitive.
kw["body"] = None
kw["headers"] = HTTPHeaderDict(kw["headers"])._prepare_for_method_change()
retries = kw.get("retries")
if not isinstance(retries, Retry):
retries = Retry.from_int(retries, redirect=redirect)
# Strip headers marked as unsafe to forward to the redirected location.
# Check remove_headers_on_redirect to avoid a potential network call within
# conn.is_same_host() which may use socket.gethostbyname() in the future.
if retries.remove_headers_on_redirect and not conn.is_same_host(
redirect_location
):
new_headers = kw["headers"].copy()
for header in kw["headers"]:
if header.lower() in retries.remove_headers_on_redirect:
new_headers.pop(header, None)
kw["headers"] = new_headers
try:
retries = retries.increment(method, url, response=response, _pool=conn)
except MaxRetryError:
if retries.raise_on_redirect:
response.drain_conn()
raise
return response
kw["retries"] = retries
kw["redirect"] = redirect
log.info("Redirecting %s -> %s", url, redirect_location)
response.drain_conn()
return self.urlopen(method, redirect_location, **kw)
class ProxyManager(PoolManager):
"""
Behaves just like :class:`PoolManager`, but sends all requests through
the defined proxy, using the CONNECT method for HTTPS URLs.
:param proxy_url:
The URL of the proxy to be used.
:param proxy_headers:
A dictionary containing headers that will be sent to the proxy. In case
of HTTP they are being sent with each request, while in the
HTTPS/CONNECT case they are sent only once. Could be used for proxy
authentication.
:param proxy_ssl_context:
The proxy SSL context is used to establish the TLS connection to the
proxy when using HTTPS proxies.
:param use_forwarding_for_https:
(Defaults to False) If set to True will forward requests to the HTTPS
proxy to be made on behalf of the client instead of creating a TLS
tunnel via the CONNECT method. **Enabling this flag means that request
and response headers and content will be visible from the HTTPS proxy**
whereas tunneling keeps request and response headers and content
private. IP address, target hostname, SNI, and port are always visible
to an HTTPS proxy even when this flag is disabled.
:param proxy_assert_hostname:
The hostname of the certificate to verify against.
:param proxy_assert_fingerprint:
The fingerprint of the certificate to verify against.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
import urllib3
proxy = urllib3.ProxyManager("https://localhost:3128/")
resp1 = proxy.request("GET", "https://google.com/")
resp2 = proxy.request("GET", "https://httpbin.org/")
print(len(proxy.pools))
# 1
resp3 = proxy.request("GET", "https://httpbin.org/")
resp4 = proxy.request("GET", "https://twitter.com/")
print(len(proxy.pools))
# 3
"""
def __init__(
self,
proxy_url: str,
num_pools: int = 10,
headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
proxy_headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None,
proxy_ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
use_forwarding_for_https: bool = False,
proxy_assert_hostname: None | str | Literal[False] = None,
proxy_assert_fingerprint: str | None = None,
**connection_pool_kw: typing.Any,
) -> None:
if isinstance(proxy_url, HTTPConnectionPool):
str_proxy_url = f"{proxy_url.scheme}://{proxy_url.host}:{proxy_url.port}"
else:
str_proxy_url = proxy_url
proxy = parse_url(str_proxy_url)
if proxy.scheme not in ("http", "https"):
raise ProxySchemeUnknown(proxy.scheme)
if not proxy.port:
port = port_by_scheme.get(proxy.scheme, 80)
proxy = proxy._replace(port=port)
self.proxy = proxy
self.proxy_headers = proxy_headers or {}
self.proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context
self.proxy_config = ProxyConfig(
proxy_ssl_context,
use_forwarding_for_https,
proxy_assert_hostname,
proxy_assert_fingerprint,
)
connection_pool_kw["_proxy"] = self.proxy
connection_pool_kw["_proxy_headers"] = self.proxy_headers
connection_pool_kw["_proxy_config"] = self.proxy_config
super().__init__(num_pools, headers, **connection_pool_kw)
def connection_from_host(
self,
host: str | None,
port: int | None = None,
scheme: str | None = "http",
pool_kwargs: dict[str, typing.Any] | None = None,
) -> HTTPConnectionPool:
if scheme == "https":
return super().connection_from_host(
host, port, scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs
)
return super().connection_from_host(
self.proxy.host, self.proxy.port, self.proxy.scheme, pool_kwargs=pool_kwargs # type: ignore[union-attr]
)
def _set_proxy_headers(
self, url: str, headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None
) -> typing.Mapping[str, str]:
"""
Sets headers needed by proxies: specifically, the Accept and Host
headers. Only sets headers not provided by the user.
"""
headers_ = {"Accept": "*/*"}
netloc = parse_url(url).netloc
if netloc:
headers_["Host"] = netloc
if headers:
headers_.update(headers)
return headers_
def urlopen( # type: ignore[override]
self, method: str, url: str, redirect: bool = True, **kw: typing.Any
) -> BaseHTTPResponse:
"Same as HTTP(S)ConnectionPool.urlopen, ``url`` must be absolute."
u = parse_url(url)
if not connection_requires_http_tunnel(self.proxy, self.proxy_config, u.scheme):
# For connections using HTTP CONNECT, httplib sets the necessary
# headers on the CONNECT to the proxy. If we're not using CONNECT,
# we'll definitely need to set 'Host' at the very least.
headers = kw.get("headers", self.headers)
kw["headers"] = self._set_proxy_headers(url, headers)
return super().urlopen(method, url, redirect=redirect, **kw)
def proxy_from_url(url: str, **kw: typing.Any) -> ProxyManager:
return ProxyManager(proxy_url=url, **kw)

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# Instruct type checkers to look for inline type annotations in this package.
# See PEP 561.

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# For backwards compatibility, provide imports that used to be here.
from __future__ import annotations
from .connection import is_connection_dropped
from .request import SKIP_HEADER, SKIPPABLE_HEADERS, make_headers
from .response import is_fp_closed
from .retry import Retry
from .ssl_ import (
ALPN_PROTOCOLS,
IS_PYOPENSSL,
IS_SECURETRANSPORT,
SSLContext,
assert_fingerprint,
create_urllib3_context,
resolve_cert_reqs,
resolve_ssl_version,
ssl_wrap_socket,
)
from .timeout import Timeout
from .url import Url, parse_url
from .wait import wait_for_read, wait_for_write
__all__ = (
"IS_PYOPENSSL",
"IS_SECURETRANSPORT",
"SSLContext",
"ALPN_PROTOCOLS",
"Retry",
"Timeout",
"Url",
"assert_fingerprint",
"create_urllib3_context",
"is_connection_dropped",
"is_fp_closed",
"parse_url",
"make_headers",
"resolve_cert_reqs",
"resolve_ssl_version",
"ssl_wrap_socket",
"wait_for_read",
"wait_for_write",
"SKIP_HEADER",
"SKIPPABLE_HEADERS",
)

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from __future__ import annotations
import socket
import typing
from ..exceptions import LocationParseError
from .timeout import _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, _TYPE_TIMEOUT
_TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS = typing.Sequence[typing.Tuple[int, int, typing.Union[int, bytes]]]
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from .._base_connection import BaseHTTPConnection
def is_connection_dropped(conn: BaseHTTPConnection) -> bool: # Platform-specific
"""
Returns True if the connection is dropped and should be closed.
:param conn: :class:`urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection` object.
"""
return not conn.is_connected
# This function is copied from socket.py in the Python 2.7 standard
# library test suite. Added to its signature is only `socket_options`.
# One additional modification is that we avoid binding to IPv6 servers
# discovered in DNS if the system doesn't have IPv6 functionality.
def create_connection(
address: tuple[str, int],
timeout: _TYPE_TIMEOUT = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
source_address: tuple[str, int] | None = None,
socket_options: _TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS | None = None,
) -> socket.socket:
"""Connect to *address* and return the socket object.
Convenience function. Connect to *address* (a 2-tuple ``(host,
port)``) and return the socket object. Passing the optional
*timeout* parameter will set the timeout on the socket instance
before attempting to connect. If no *timeout* is supplied, the
global default timeout setting returned by :func:`socket.getdefaulttimeout`
is used. If *source_address* is set it must be a tuple of (host, port)
for the socket to bind as a source address before making the connection.
An host of '' or port 0 tells the OS to use the default.
"""
host, port = address
if host.startswith("["):
host = host.strip("[]")
err = None
# Using the value from allowed_gai_family() in the context of getaddrinfo lets
# us select whether to work with IPv4 DNS records, IPv6 records, or both.
# The original create_connection function always returns all records.
family = allowed_gai_family()
try:
host.encode("idna")
except UnicodeError:
raise LocationParseError(f"'{host}', label empty or too long") from None
for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
sock = None
try:
sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
# If provided, set socket level options before connecting.
_set_socket_options(sock, socket_options)
if timeout is not _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
sock.settimeout(timeout)
if source_address:
sock.bind(source_address)
sock.connect(sa)
# Break explicitly a reference cycle
err = None
return sock
except OSError as _:
err = _
if sock is not None:
sock.close()
if err is not None:
try:
raise err
finally:
# Break explicitly a reference cycle
err = None
else:
raise OSError("getaddrinfo returns an empty list")
def _set_socket_options(
sock: socket.socket, options: _TYPE_SOCKET_OPTIONS | None
) -> None:
if options is None:
return
for opt in options:
sock.setsockopt(*opt)
def allowed_gai_family() -> socket.AddressFamily:
"""This function is designed to work in the context of
getaddrinfo, where family=socket.AF_UNSPEC is the default and
will perform a DNS search for both IPv6 and IPv4 records."""
family = socket.AF_INET
if HAS_IPV6:
family = socket.AF_UNSPEC
return family
def _has_ipv6(host: str) -> bool:
"""Returns True if the system can bind an IPv6 address."""
sock = None
has_ipv6 = False
if socket.has_ipv6:
# has_ipv6 returns true if cPython was compiled with IPv6 support.
# It does not tell us if the system has IPv6 support enabled. To
# determine that we must bind to an IPv6 address.
# https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/pull/611
# https://bugs.python.org/issue658327
try:
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6)
sock.bind((host, 0))
has_ipv6 = True
except Exception:
pass
if sock:
sock.close()
return has_ipv6
HAS_IPV6 = _has_ipv6("::1")

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from __future__ import annotations
import typing
from .url import Url
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from ..connection import ProxyConfig
def connection_requires_http_tunnel(
proxy_url: Url | None = None,
proxy_config: ProxyConfig | None = None,
destination_scheme: str | None = None,
) -> bool:
"""
Returns True if the connection requires an HTTP CONNECT through the proxy.
:param URL proxy_url:
URL of the proxy.
:param ProxyConfig proxy_config:
Proxy configuration from poolmanager.py
:param str destination_scheme:
The scheme of the destination. (i.e https, http, etc)
"""
# If we're not using a proxy, no way to use a tunnel.
if proxy_url is None:
return False
# HTTP destinations never require tunneling, we always forward.
if destination_scheme == "http":
return False
# Support for forwarding with HTTPS proxies and HTTPS destinations.
if (
proxy_url.scheme == "https"
and proxy_config
and proxy_config.use_forwarding_for_https
):
return False
# Otherwise always use a tunnel.
return True

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from __future__ import annotations
import io
import typing
from base64 import b64encode
from enum import Enum
from ..exceptions import UnrewindableBodyError
from .util import to_bytes
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from typing_extensions import Final
# Pass as a value within ``headers`` to skip
# emitting some HTTP headers that are added automatically.
# The only headers that are supported are ``Accept-Encoding``,
# ``Host``, and ``User-Agent``.
SKIP_HEADER = "@@@SKIP_HEADER@@@"
SKIPPABLE_HEADERS = frozenset(["accept-encoding", "host", "user-agent"])
ACCEPT_ENCODING = "gzip,deflate"
try:
try:
import brotlicffi as _unused_module_brotli # type: ignore[import] # noqa: F401
except ImportError:
import brotli as _unused_module_brotli # type: ignore[import] # noqa: F401
except ImportError:
pass
else:
ACCEPT_ENCODING += ",br"
try:
import zstandard as _unused_module_zstd # type: ignore[import] # noqa: F401
except ImportError:
pass
else:
ACCEPT_ENCODING += ",zstd"
class _TYPE_FAILEDTELL(Enum):
token = 0
_FAILEDTELL: Final[_TYPE_FAILEDTELL] = _TYPE_FAILEDTELL.token
_TYPE_BODY_POSITION = typing.Union[int, _TYPE_FAILEDTELL]
# When sending a request with these methods we aren't expecting
# a body so don't need to set an explicit 'Content-Length: 0'
# The reason we do this in the negative instead of tracking methods
# which 'should' have a body is because unknown methods should be
# treated as if they were 'POST' which *does* expect a body.
_METHODS_NOT_EXPECTING_BODY = {"GET", "HEAD", "DELETE", "TRACE", "OPTIONS", "CONNECT"}
def make_headers(
keep_alive: bool | None = None,
accept_encoding: bool | list[str] | str | None = None,
user_agent: str | None = None,
basic_auth: str | None = None,
proxy_basic_auth: str | None = None,
disable_cache: bool | None = None,
) -> dict[str, str]:
"""
Shortcuts for generating request headers.
:param keep_alive:
If ``True``, adds 'connection: keep-alive' header.
:param accept_encoding:
Can be a boolean, list, or string.
``True`` translates to 'gzip,deflate'. If either the ``brotli`` or
``brotlicffi`` package is installed 'gzip,deflate,br' is used instead.
List will get joined by comma.
String will be used as provided.
:param user_agent:
String representing the user-agent you want, such as
"python-urllib3/0.6"
:param basic_auth:
Colon-separated username:password string for 'authorization: basic ...'
auth header.
:param proxy_basic_auth:
Colon-separated username:password string for 'proxy-authorization: basic ...'
auth header.
:param disable_cache:
If ``True``, adds 'cache-control: no-cache' header.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
import urllib3
print(urllib3.util.make_headers(keep_alive=True, user_agent="Batman/1.0"))
# {'connection': 'keep-alive', 'user-agent': 'Batman/1.0'}
print(urllib3.util.make_headers(accept_encoding=True))
# {'accept-encoding': 'gzip,deflate'}
"""
headers: dict[str, str] = {}
if accept_encoding:
if isinstance(accept_encoding, str):
pass
elif isinstance(accept_encoding, list):
accept_encoding = ",".join(accept_encoding)
else:
accept_encoding = ACCEPT_ENCODING
headers["accept-encoding"] = accept_encoding
if user_agent:
headers["user-agent"] = user_agent
if keep_alive:
headers["connection"] = "keep-alive"
if basic_auth:
headers[
"authorization"
] = f"Basic {b64encode(basic_auth.encode('latin-1')).decode()}"
if proxy_basic_auth:
headers[
"proxy-authorization"
] = f"Basic {b64encode(proxy_basic_auth.encode('latin-1')).decode()}"
if disable_cache:
headers["cache-control"] = "no-cache"
return headers
def set_file_position(
body: typing.Any, pos: _TYPE_BODY_POSITION | None
) -> _TYPE_BODY_POSITION | None:
"""
If a position is provided, move file to that point.
Otherwise, we'll attempt to record a position for future use.
"""
if pos is not None:
rewind_body(body, pos)
elif getattr(body, "tell", None) is not None:
try:
pos = body.tell()
except OSError:
# This differentiates from None, allowing us to catch
# a failed `tell()` later when trying to rewind the body.
pos = _FAILEDTELL
return pos
def rewind_body(body: typing.IO[typing.AnyStr], body_pos: _TYPE_BODY_POSITION) -> None:
"""
Attempt to rewind body to a certain position.
Primarily used for request redirects and retries.
:param body:
File-like object that supports seek.
:param int pos:
Position to seek to in file.
"""
body_seek = getattr(body, "seek", None)
if body_seek is not None and isinstance(body_pos, int):
try:
body_seek(body_pos)
except OSError as e:
raise UnrewindableBodyError(
"An error occurred when rewinding request body for redirect/retry."
) from e
elif body_pos is _FAILEDTELL:
raise UnrewindableBodyError(
"Unable to record file position for rewinding "
"request body during a redirect/retry."
)
else:
raise ValueError(
f"body_pos must be of type integer, instead it was {type(body_pos)}."
)
class ChunksAndContentLength(typing.NamedTuple):
chunks: typing.Iterable[bytes] | None
content_length: int | None
def body_to_chunks(
body: typing.Any | None, method: str, blocksize: int
) -> ChunksAndContentLength:
"""Takes the HTTP request method, body, and blocksize and
transforms them into an iterable of chunks to pass to
socket.sendall() and an optional 'Content-Length' header.
A 'Content-Length' of 'None' indicates the length of the body
can't be determined so should use 'Transfer-Encoding: chunked'
for framing instead.
"""
chunks: typing.Iterable[bytes] | None
content_length: int | None
# No body, we need to make a recommendation on 'Content-Length'
# based on whether that request method is expected to have
# a body or not.
if body is None:
chunks = None
if method.upper() not in _METHODS_NOT_EXPECTING_BODY:
content_length = 0
else:
content_length = None
# Bytes or strings become bytes
elif isinstance(body, (str, bytes)):
chunks = (to_bytes(body),)
content_length = len(chunks[0])
# File-like object, TODO: use seek() and tell() for length?
elif hasattr(body, "read"):
def chunk_readable() -> typing.Iterable[bytes]:
nonlocal body, blocksize
encode = isinstance(body, io.TextIOBase)
while True:
datablock = body.read(blocksize)
if not datablock:
break
if encode:
datablock = datablock.encode("iso-8859-1")
yield datablock
chunks = chunk_readable()
content_length = None
# Otherwise we need to start checking via duck-typing.
else:
try:
# Check if the body implements the buffer API.
mv = memoryview(body)
except TypeError:
try:
# Check if the body is an iterable
chunks = iter(body)
content_length = None
except TypeError:
raise TypeError(
f"'body' must be a bytes-like object, file-like "
f"object, or iterable. Instead was {body!r}"
) from None
else:
# Since it implements the buffer API can be passed directly to socket.sendall()
chunks = (body,)
content_length = mv.nbytes
return ChunksAndContentLength(chunks=chunks, content_length=content_length)

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from __future__ import annotations
import http.client as httplib
from email.errors import MultipartInvariantViolationDefect, StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect
from ..exceptions import HeaderParsingError
def is_fp_closed(obj: object) -> bool:
"""
Checks whether a given file-like object is closed.
:param obj:
The file-like object to check.
"""
try:
# Check `isclosed()` first, in case Python3 doesn't set `closed`.
# GH Issue #928
return obj.isclosed() # type: ignore[no-any-return, attr-defined]
except AttributeError:
pass
try:
# Check via the official file-like-object way.
return obj.closed # type: ignore[no-any-return, attr-defined]
except AttributeError:
pass
try:
# Check if the object is a container for another file-like object that
# gets released on exhaustion (e.g. HTTPResponse).
return obj.fp is None # type: ignore[attr-defined]
except AttributeError:
pass
raise ValueError("Unable to determine whether fp is closed.")
def assert_header_parsing(headers: httplib.HTTPMessage) -> None:
"""
Asserts whether all headers have been successfully parsed.
Extracts encountered errors from the result of parsing headers.
Only works on Python 3.
:param http.client.HTTPMessage headers: Headers to verify.
:raises urllib3.exceptions.HeaderParsingError:
If parsing errors are found.
"""
# This will fail silently if we pass in the wrong kind of parameter.
# To make debugging easier add an explicit check.
if not isinstance(headers, httplib.HTTPMessage):
raise TypeError(f"expected httplib.Message, got {type(headers)}.")
unparsed_data = None
# get_payload is actually email.message.Message.get_payload;
# we're only interested in the result if it's not a multipart message
if not headers.is_multipart():
payload = headers.get_payload()
if isinstance(payload, (bytes, str)):
unparsed_data = payload
# httplib is assuming a response body is available
# when parsing headers even when httplib only sends
# header data to parse_headers() This results in
# defects on multipart responses in particular.
# See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/800
# So we ignore the following defects:
# - StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect:
# The claimed start boundary was never found.
# - MultipartInvariantViolationDefect:
# A message claimed to be a multipart but no subparts were found.
defects = [
defect
for defect in headers.defects
if not isinstance(
defect, (StartBoundaryNotFoundDefect, MultipartInvariantViolationDefect)
)
]
if defects or unparsed_data:
raise HeaderParsingError(defects=defects, unparsed_data=unparsed_data)
def is_response_to_head(response: httplib.HTTPResponse) -> bool:
"""
Checks whether the request of a response has been a HEAD-request.
:param http.client.HTTPResponse response:
Response to check if the originating request
used 'HEAD' as a method.
"""
# FIXME: Can we do this somehow without accessing private httplib _method?
method_str = response._method # type: str # type: ignore[attr-defined]
return method_str.upper() == "HEAD"

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from __future__ import annotations
import email
import logging
import random
import re
import time
import typing
from itertools import takewhile
from types import TracebackType
from ..exceptions import (
ConnectTimeoutError,
InvalidHeader,
MaxRetryError,
ProtocolError,
ProxyError,
ReadTimeoutError,
ResponseError,
)
from .util import reraise
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from ..connectionpool import ConnectionPool
from ..response import BaseHTTPResponse
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# Data structure for representing the metadata of requests that result in a retry.
class RequestHistory(typing.NamedTuple):
method: str | None
url: str | None
error: Exception | None
status: int | None
redirect_location: str | None
class Retry:
"""Retry configuration.
Each retry attempt will create a new Retry object with updated values, so
they can be safely reused.
Retries can be defined as a default for a pool:
.. code-block:: python
retries = Retry(connect=5, read=2, redirect=5)
http = PoolManager(retries=retries)
response = http.request("GET", "https://example.com/")
Or per-request (which overrides the default for the pool):
.. code-block:: python
response = http.request("GET", "https://example.com/", retries=Retry(10))
Retries can be disabled by passing ``False``:
.. code-block:: python
response = http.request("GET", "https://example.com/", retries=False)
Errors will be wrapped in :class:`~urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError` unless
retries are disabled, in which case the causing exception will be raised.
:param int total:
Total number of retries to allow. Takes precedence over other counts.
Set to ``None`` to remove this constraint and fall back on other
counts.
Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry.
Set to ``False`` to disable and imply ``raise_on_redirect=False``.
:param int connect:
How many connection-related errors to retry on.
These are errors raised before the request is sent to the remote server,
which we assume has not triggered the server to process the request.
Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
:param int read:
How many times to retry on read errors.
These errors are raised after the request was sent to the server, so the
request may have side-effects.
Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
:param int redirect:
How many redirects to perform. Limit this to avoid infinite redirect
loops.
A redirect is a HTTP response with a status code 301, 302, 303, 307 or
308.
Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
Set to ``False`` to disable and imply ``raise_on_redirect=False``.
:param int status:
How many times to retry on bad status codes.
These are retries made on responses, where status code matches
``status_forcelist``.
Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
:param int other:
How many times to retry on other errors.
Other errors are errors that are not connect, read, redirect or status errors.
These errors might be raised after the request was sent to the server, so the
request might have side-effects.
Set to ``0`` to fail on the first retry of this type.
If ``total`` is not set, it's a good idea to set this to 0 to account
for unexpected edge cases and avoid infinite retry loops.
:param Collection allowed_methods:
Set of uppercased HTTP method verbs that we should retry on.
By default, we only retry on methods which are considered to be
idempotent (multiple requests with the same parameters end with the
same state). See :attr:`Retry.DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS`.
Set to a ``None`` value to retry on any verb.
:param Collection status_forcelist:
A set of integer HTTP status codes that we should force a retry on.
A retry is initiated if the request method is in ``allowed_methods``
and the response status code is in ``status_forcelist``.
By default, this is disabled with ``None``.
:param float backoff_factor:
A backoff factor to apply between attempts after the second try
(most errors are resolved immediately by a second try without a
delay). urllib3 will sleep for::
{backoff factor} * (2 ** ({number of previous retries}))
seconds. If `backoff_jitter` is non-zero, this sleep is extended by::
random.uniform(0, {backoff jitter})
seconds. For example, if the backoff_factor is 0.1, then :func:`Retry.sleep` will
sleep for [0.0s, 0.2s, 0.4s, 0.8s, ...] between retries. No backoff will ever
be longer than `backoff_max`.
By default, backoff is disabled (factor set to 0).
:param bool raise_on_redirect: Whether, if the number of redirects is
exhausted, to raise a MaxRetryError, or to return a response with a
response code in the 3xx range.
:param bool raise_on_status: Similar meaning to ``raise_on_redirect``:
whether we should raise an exception, or return a response,
if status falls in ``status_forcelist`` range and retries have
been exhausted.
:param tuple history: The history of the request encountered during
each call to :meth:`~Retry.increment`. The list is in the order
the requests occurred. Each list item is of class :class:`RequestHistory`.
:param bool respect_retry_after_header:
Whether to respect Retry-After header on status codes defined as
:attr:`Retry.RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES` or not.
:param Collection remove_headers_on_redirect:
Sequence of headers to remove from the request when a response
indicating a redirect is returned before firing off the redirected
request.
"""
#: Default methods to be used for ``allowed_methods``
DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS = frozenset(
["HEAD", "GET", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS", "TRACE"]
)
#: Default status codes to be used for ``status_forcelist``
RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES = frozenset([413, 429, 503])
#: Default headers to be used for ``remove_headers_on_redirect``
DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT = frozenset(["Cookie", "Authorization"])
#: Default maximum backoff time.
DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX = 120
# Backward compatibility; assigned outside of the class.
DEFAULT: typing.ClassVar[Retry]
def __init__(
self,
total: bool | int | None = 10,
connect: int | None = None,
read: int | None = None,
redirect: bool | int | None = None,
status: int | None = None,
other: int | None = None,
allowed_methods: typing.Collection[str] | None = DEFAULT_ALLOWED_METHODS,
status_forcelist: typing.Collection[int] | None = None,
backoff_factor: float = 0,
backoff_max: float = DEFAULT_BACKOFF_MAX,
raise_on_redirect: bool = True,
raise_on_status: bool = True,
history: tuple[RequestHistory, ...] | None = None,
respect_retry_after_header: bool = True,
remove_headers_on_redirect: typing.Collection[
str
] = DEFAULT_REMOVE_HEADERS_ON_REDIRECT,
backoff_jitter: float = 0.0,
) -> None:
self.total = total
self.connect = connect
self.read = read
self.status = status
self.other = other
if redirect is False or total is False:
redirect = 0
raise_on_redirect = False
self.redirect = redirect
self.status_forcelist = status_forcelist or set()
self.allowed_methods = allowed_methods
self.backoff_factor = backoff_factor
self.backoff_max = backoff_max
self.raise_on_redirect = raise_on_redirect
self.raise_on_status = raise_on_status
self.history = history or ()
self.respect_retry_after_header = respect_retry_after_header
self.remove_headers_on_redirect = frozenset(
h.lower() for h in remove_headers_on_redirect
)
self.backoff_jitter = backoff_jitter
def new(self, **kw: typing.Any) -> Retry:
params = dict(
total=self.total,
connect=self.connect,
read=self.read,
redirect=self.redirect,
status=self.status,
other=self.other,
allowed_methods=self.allowed_methods,
status_forcelist=self.status_forcelist,
backoff_factor=self.backoff_factor,
backoff_max=self.backoff_max,
raise_on_redirect=self.raise_on_redirect,
raise_on_status=self.raise_on_status,
history=self.history,
remove_headers_on_redirect=self.remove_headers_on_redirect,
respect_retry_after_header=self.respect_retry_after_header,
backoff_jitter=self.backoff_jitter,
)
params.update(kw)
return type(self)(**params) # type: ignore[arg-type]
@classmethod
def from_int(
cls,
retries: Retry | bool | int | None,
redirect: bool | int | None = True,
default: Retry | bool | int | None = None,
) -> Retry:
"""Backwards-compatibility for the old retries format."""
if retries is None:
retries = default if default is not None else cls.DEFAULT
if isinstance(retries, Retry):
return retries
redirect = bool(redirect) and None
new_retries = cls(retries, redirect=redirect)
log.debug("Converted retries value: %r -> %r", retries, new_retries)
return new_retries
def get_backoff_time(self) -> float:
"""Formula for computing the current backoff
:rtype: float
"""
# We want to consider only the last consecutive errors sequence (Ignore redirects).
consecutive_errors_len = len(
list(
takewhile(lambda x: x.redirect_location is None, reversed(self.history))
)
)
if consecutive_errors_len <= 1:
return 0
backoff_value = self.backoff_factor * (2 ** (consecutive_errors_len - 1))
if self.backoff_jitter != 0.0:
backoff_value += random.random() * self.backoff_jitter
return float(max(0, min(self.backoff_max, backoff_value)))
def parse_retry_after(self, retry_after: str) -> float:
seconds: float
# Whitespace: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2.4
if re.match(r"^\s*[0-9]+\s*$", retry_after):
seconds = int(retry_after)
else:
retry_date_tuple = email.utils.parsedate_tz(retry_after)
if retry_date_tuple is None:
raise InvalidHeader(f"Invalid Retry-After header: {retry_after}")
retry_date = email.utils.mktime_tz(retry_date_tuple)
seconds = retry_date - time.time()
seconds = max(seconds, 0)
return seconds
def get_retry_after(self, response: BaseHTTPResponse) -> float | None:
"""Get the value of Retry-After in seconds."""
retry_after = response.headers.get("Retry-After")
if retry_after is None:
return None
return self.parse_retry_after(retry_after)
def sleep_for_retry(self, response: BaseHTTPResponse) -> bool:
retry_after = self.get_retry_after(response)
if retry_after:
time.sleep(retry_after)
return True
return False
def _sleep_backoff(self) -> None:
backoff = self.get_backoff_time()
if backoff <= 0:
return
time.sleep(backoff)
def sleep(self, response: BaseHTTPResponse | None = None) -> None:
"""Sleep between retry attempts.
This method will respect a server's ``Retry-After`` response header
and sleep the duration of the time requested. If that is not present, it
will use an exponential backoff. By default, the backoff factor is 0 and
this method will return immediately.
"""
if self.respect_retry_after_header and response:
slept = self.sleep_for_retry(response)
if slept:
return
self._sleep_backoff()
def _is_connection_error(self, err: Exception) -> bool:
"""Errors when we're fairly sure that the server did not receive the
request, so it should be safe to retry.
"""
if isinstance(err, ProxyError):
err = err.original_error
return isinstance(err, ConnectTimeoutError)
def _is_read_error(self, err: Exception) -> bool:
"""Errors that occur after the request has been started, so we should
assume that the server began processing it.
"""
return isinstance(err, (ReadTimeoutError, ProtocolError))
def _is_method_retryable(self, method: str) -> bool:
"""Checks if a given HTTP method should be retried upon, depending if
it is included in the allowed_methods
"""
if self.allowed_methods and method.upper() not in self.allowed_methods:
return False
return True
def is_retry(
self, method: str, status_code: int, has_retry_after: bool = False
) -> bool:
"""Is this method/status code retryable? (Based on allowlists and control
variables such as the number of total retries to allow, whether to
respect the Retry-After header, whether this header is present, and
whether the returned status code is on the list of status codes to
be retried upon on the presence of the aforementioned header)
"""
if not self._is_method_retryable(method):
return False
if self.status_forcelist and status_code in self.status_forcelist:
return True
return bool(
self.total
and self.respect_retry_after_header
and has_retry_after
and (status_code in self.RETRY_AFTER_STATUS_CODES)
)
def is_exhausted(self) -> bool:
"""Are we out of retries?"""
retry_counts = [
x
for x in (
self.total,
self.connect,
self.read,
self.redirect,
self.status,
self.other,
)
if x
]
if not retry_counts:
return False
return min(retry_counts) < 0
def increment(
self,
method: str | None = None,
url: str | None = None,
response: BaseHTTPResponse | None = None,
error: Exception | None = None,
_pool: ConnectionPool | None = None,
_stacktrace: TracebackType | None = None,
) -> Retry:
"""Return a new Retry object with incremented retry counters.
:param response: A response object, or None, if the server did not
return a response.
:type response: :class:`~urllib3.response.BaseHTTPResponse`
:param Exception error: An error encountered during the request, or
None if the response was received successfully.
:return: A new ``Retry`` object.
"""
if self.total is False and error:
# Disabled, indicate to re-raise the error.
raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
total = self.total
if total is not None:
total -= 1
connect = self.connect
read = self.read
redirect = self.redirect
status_count = self.status
other = self.other
cause = "unknown"
status = None
redirect_location = None
if error and self._is_connection_error(error):
# Connect retry?
if connect is False:
raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
elif connect is not None:
connect -= 1
elif error and self._is_read_error(error):
# Read retry?
if read is False or method is None or not self._is_method_retryable(method):
raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
elif read is not None:
read -= 1
elif error:
# Other retry?
if other is not None:
other -= 1
elif response and response.get_redirect_location():
# Redirect retry?
if redirect is not None:
redirect -= 1
cause = "too many redirects"
response_redirect_location = response.get_redirect_location()
if response_redirect_location:
redirect_location = response_redirect_location
status = response.status
else:
# Incrementing because of a server error like a 500 in
# status_forcelist and the given method is in the allowed_methods
cause = ResponseError.GENERIC_ERROR
if response and response.status:
if status_count is not None:
status_count -= 1
cause = ResponseError.SPECIFIC_ERROR.format(status_code=response.status)
status = response.status
history = self.history + (
RequestHistory(method, url, error, status, redirect_location),
)
new_retry = self.new(
total=total,
connect=connect,
read=read,
redirect=redirect,
status=status_count,
other=other,
history=history,
)
if new_retry.is_exhausted():
reason = error or ResponseError(cause)
raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, reason) from reason # type: ignore[arg-type]
log.debug("Incremented Retry for (url='%s'): %r", url, new_retry)
return new_retry
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return (
f"{type(self).__name__}(total={self.total}, connect={self.connect}, "
f"read={self.read}, redirect={self.redirect}, status={self.status})"
)
# For backwards compatibility (equivalent to pre-v1.9):
Retry.DEFAULT = Retry(3)

515
Scripts/reporter_lib/py37/urllib3/util/ssl_.py Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import hmac
import os
import socket
import sys
import typing
import warnings
from binascii import unhexlify
from hashlib import md5, sha1, sha256
from ..exceptions import ProxySchemeUnsupported, SSLError
from .url import _BRACELESS_IPV6_ADDRZ_RE, _IPV4_RE
SSLContext = None
SSLTransport = None
HAS_NEVER_CHECK_COMMON_NAME = False
IS_PYOPENSSL = False
IS_SECURETRANSPORT = False
ALPN_PROTOCOLS = ["http/1.1"]
_TYPE_VERSION_INFO = typing.Tuple[int, int, int, str, int]
# Maps the length of a digest to a possible hash function producing this digest
HASHFUNC_MAP = {32: md5, 40: sha1, 64: sha256}
def _is_bpo_43522_fixed(
implementation_name: str,
version_info: _TYPE_VERSION_INFO,
pypy_version_info: _TYPE_VERSION_INFO | None,
) -> bool:
"""Return True for CPython 3.8.9+, 3.9.3+ or 3.10+ and PyPy 7.3.8+ where
setting SSLContext.hostname_checks_common_name to False works.
Outside of CPython and PyPy we don't know which implementations work
or not so we conservatively use our hostname matching as we know that works
on all implementations.
https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/2192#issuecomment-821832963
https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/-/issues/3539
"""
if implementation_name == "pypy":
# https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/-/issues/3129
return pypy_version_info >= (7, 3, 8) and version_info >= (3, 8) # type: ignore[operator]
elif implementation_name == "cpython":
major_minor = version_info[:2]
micro = version_info[2]
return (
(major_minor == (3, 8) and micro >= 9)
or (major_minor == (3, 9) and micro >= 3)
or major_minor >= (3, 10)
)
else: # Defensive:
return False
def _is_has_never_check_common_name_reliable(
openssl_version: str,
openssl_version_number: int,
implementation_name: str,
version_info: _TYPE_VERSION_INFO,
pypy_version_info: _TYPE_VERSION_INFO | None,
) -> bool:
# As of May 2023, all released versions of LibreSSL fail to reject certificates with
# only common names, see https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/pull/3024
is_openssl = openssl_version.startswith("OpenSSL ")
# Before fixing OpenSSL issue #14579, the SSL_new() API was not copying hostflags
# like X509_CHECK_FLAG_NEVER_CHECK_SUBJECT, which tripped up CPython.
# https://github.com/openssl/openssl/issues/14579
# This was released in OpenSSL 1.1.1l+ (>=0x101010cf)
is_openssl_issue_14579_fixed = openssl_version_number >= 0x101010CF
return is_openssl and (
is_openssl_issue_14579_fixed
or _is_bpo_43522_fixed(implementation_name, version_info, pypy_version_info)
)
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from ssl import VerifyMode
from typing_extensions import Literal, TypedDict
from .ssltransport import SSLTransport as SSLTransportType
class _TYPE_PEER_CERT_RET_DICT(TypedDict, total=False):
subjectAltName: tuple[tuple[str, str], ...]
subject: tuple[tuple[tuple[str, str], ...], ...]
serialNumber: str
# Mapping from 'ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSX' to 'TLSVersion.X'
_SSL_VERSION_TO_TLS_VERSION: dict[int, int] = {}
try: # Do we have ssl at all?
import ssl
from ssl import ( # type: ignore[assignment]
CERT_REQUIRED,
HAS_NEVER_CHECK_COMMON_NAME,
OP_NO_COMPRESSION,
OP_NO_TICKET,
OPENSSL_VERSION,
OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER,
PROTOCOL_TLS,
PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT,
OP_NO_SSLv2,
OP_NO_SSLv3,
SSLContext,
TLSVersion,
)
PROTOCOL_SSLv23 = PROTOCOL_TLS
# Setting SSLContext.hostname_checks_common_name = False didn't work before CPython
# 3.8.9, 3.9.3, and 3.10 (but OK on PyPy) or OpenSSL 1.1.1l+
if HAS_NEVER_CHECK_COMMON_NAME and not _is_has_never_check_common_name_reliable(
OPENSSL_VERSION,
OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER,
sys.implementation.name,
sys.version_info,
sys.pypy_version_info if sys.implementation.name == "pypy" else None, # type: ignore[attr-defined]
):
HAS_NEVER_CHECK_COMMON_NAME = False
# Need to be careful here in case old TLS versions get
# removed in future 'ssl' module implementations.
for attr in ("TLSv1", "TLSv1_1", "TLSv1_2"):
try:
_SSL_VERSION_TO_TLS_VERSION[getattr(ssl, f"PROTOCOL_{attr}")] = getattr(
TLSVersion, attr
)
except AttributeError: # Defensive:
continue
from .ssltransport import SSLTransport # type: ignore[assignment]
except ImportError:
OP_NO_COMPRESSION = 0x20000 # type: ignore[assignment]
OP_NO_TICKET = 0x4000 # type: ignore[assignment]
OP_NO_SSLv2 = 0x1000000 # type: ignore[assignment]
OP_NO_SSLv3 = 0x2000000 # type: ignore[assignment]
PROTOCOL_SSLv23 = PROTOCOL_TLS = 2 # type: ignore[assignment]
PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT = 16 # type: ignore[assignment]
_TYPE_PEER_CERT_RET = typing.Union["_TYPE_PEER_CERT_RET_DICT", bytes, None]
def assert_fingerprint(cert: bytes | None, fingerprint: str) -> None:
"""
Checks if given fingerprint matches the supplied certificate.
:param cert:
Certificate as bytes object.
:param fingerprint:
Fingerprint as string of hexdigits, can be interspersed by colons.
"""
if cert is None:
raise SSLError("No certificate for the peer.")
fingerprint = fingerprint.replace(":", "").lower()
digest_length = len(fingerprint)
hashfunc = HASHFUNC_MAP.get(digest_length)
if not hashfunc:
raise SSLError(f"Fingerprint of invalid length: {fingerprint}")
# We need encode() here for py32; works on py2 and p33.
fingerprint_bytes = unhexlify(fingerprint.encode())
cert_digest = hashfunc(cert).digest()
if not hmac.compare_digest(cert_digest, fingerprint_bytes):
raise SSLError(
f'Fingerprints did not match. Expected "{fingerprint}", got "{cert_digest.hex()}"'
)
def resolve_cert_reqs(candidate: None | int | str) -> VerifyMode:
"""
Resolves the argument to a numeric constant, which can be passed to
the wrap_socket function/method from the ssl module.
Defaults to :data:`ssl.CERT_REQUIRED`.
If given a string it is assumed to be the name of the constant in the
:mod:`ssl` module or its abbreviation.
(So you can specify `REQUIRED` instead of `CERT_REQUIRED`.
If it's neither `None` nor a string we assume it is already the numeric
constant which can directly be passed to wrap_socket.
"""
if candidate is None:
return CERT_REQUIRED
if isinstance(candidate, str):
res = getattr(ssl, candidate, None)
if res is None:
res = getattr(ssl, "CERT_" + candidate)
return res # type: ignore[no-any-return]
return candidate # type: ignore[return-value]
def resolve_ssl_version(candidate: None | int | str) -> int:
"""
like resolve_cert_reqs
"""
if candidate is None:
return PROTOCOL_TLS
if isinstance(candidate, str):
res = getattr(ssl, candidate, None)
if res is None:
res = getattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_" + candidate)
return typing.cast(int, res)
return candidate
def create_urllib3_context(
ssl_version: int | None = None,
cert_reqs: int | None = None,
options: int | None = None,
ciphers: str | None = None,
ssl_minimum_version: int | None = None,
ssl_maximum_version: int | None = None,
) -> ssl.SSLContext:
"""Creates and configures an :class:`ssl.SSLContext` instance for use with urllib3.
:param ssl_version:
The desired protocol version to use. This will default to
PROTOCOL_SSLv23 which will negotiate the highest protocol that both
the server and your installation of OpenSSL support.
This parameter is deprecated instead use 'ssl_minimum_version'.
:param ssl_minimum_version:
The minimum version of TLS to be used. Use the 'ssl.TLSVersion' enum for specifying the value.
:param ssl_maximum_version:
The maximum version of TLS to be used. Use the 'ssl.TLSVersion' enum for specifying the value.
Not recommended to set to anything other than 'ssl.TLSVersion.MAXIMUM_SUPPORTED' which is the
default value.
:param cert_reqs:
Whether to require the certificate verification. This defaults to
``ssl.CERT_REQUIRED``.
:param options:
Specific OpenSSL options. These default to ``ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2``,
``ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3``, ``ssl.OP_NO_COMPRESSION``, and ``ssl.OP_NO_TICKET``.
:param ciphers:
Which cipher suites to allow the server to select. Defaults to either system configured
ciphers if OpenSSL 1.1.1+, otherwise uses a secure default set of ciphers.
:returns:
Constructed SSLContext object with specified options
:rtype: SSLContext
"""
if SSLContext is None:
raise TypeError("Can't create an SSLContext object without an ssl module")
# This means 'ssl_version' was specified as an exact value.
if ssl_version not in (None, PROTOCOL_TLS, PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT):
# Disallow setting 'ssl_version' and 'ssl_minimum|maximum_version'
# to avoid conflicts.
if ssl_minimum_version is not None or ssl_maximum_version is not None:
raise ValueError(
"Can't specify both 'ssl_version' and either "
"'ssl_minimum_version' or 'ssl_maximum_version'"
)
# 'ssl_version' is deprecated and will be removed in the future.
else:
# Use 'ssl_minimum_version' and 'ssl_maximum_version' instead.
ssl_minimum_version = _SSL_VERSION_TO_TLS_VERSION.get(
ssl_version, TLSVersion.MINIMUM_SUPPORTED
)
ssl_maximum_version = _SSL_VERSION_TO_TLS_VERSION.get(
ssl_version, TLSVersion.MAXIMUM_SUPPORTED
)
# This warning message is pushing users to use 'ssl_minimum_version'
# instead of both min/max. Best practice is to only set the minimum version and
# keep the maximum version to be it's default value: 'TLSVersion.MAXIMUM_SUPPORTED'
warnings.warn(
"'ssl_version' option is deprecated and will be "
"removed in urllib3 v2.1.0. Instead use 'ssl_minimum_version'",
category=DeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
# PROTOCOL_TLS is deprecated in Python 3.10 so we always use PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT
context = SSLContext(PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
if ssl_minimum_version is not None:
context.minimum_version = ssl_minimum_version
else: # Python <3.10 defaults to 'MINIMUM_SUPPORTED' so explicitly set TLSv1.2 here
context.minimum_version = TLSVersion.TLSv1_2
if ssl_maximum_version is not None:
context.maximum_version = ssl_maximum_version
# Unless we're given ciphers defer to either system ciphers in
# the case of OpenSSL 1.1.1+ or use our own secure default ciphers.
if ciphers:
context.set_ciphers(ciphers)
# Setting the default here, as we may have no ssl module on import
cert_reqs = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if cert_reqs is None else cert_reqs
if options is None:
options = 0
# SSLv2 is easily broken and is considered harmful and dangerous
options |= OP_NO_SSLv2
# SSLv3 has several problems and is now dangerous
options |= OP_NO_SSLv3
# Disable compression to prevent CRIME attacks for OpenSSL 1.0+
# (issue #309)
options |= OP_NO_COMPRESSION
# TLSv1.2 only. Unless set explicitly, do not request tickets.
# This may save some bandwidth on wire, and although the ticket is encrypted,
# there is a risk associated with it being on wire,
# if the server is not rotating its ticketing keys properly.
options |= OP_NO_TICKET
context.options |= options
# Enable post-handshake authentication for TLS 1.3, see GH #1634. PHA is
# necessary for conditional client cert authentication with TLS 1.3.
# The attribute is None for OpenSSL <= 1.1.0 or does not exist in older
# versions of Python. We only enable on Python 3.7.4+ or if certificate
# verification is enabled to work around Python issue #37428
# See: https://bugs.python.org/issue37428
if (cert_reqs == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED or sys.version_info >= (3, 7, 4)) and getattr(
context, "post_handshake_auth", None
) is not None:
context.post_handshake_auth = True
# The order of the below lines setting verify_mode and check_hostname
# matter due to safe-guards SSLContext has to prevent an SSLContext with
# check_hostname=True, verify_mode=NONE/OPTIONAL.
# We always set 'check_hostname=False' for pyOpenSSL so we rely on our own
# 'ssl.match_hostname()' implementation.
if cert_reqs == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED and not IS_PYOPENSSL:
context.verify_mode = cert_reqs
context.check_hostname = True
else:
context.check_hostname = False
context.verify_mode = cert_reqs
try:
context.hostname_checks_common_name = False
except AttributeError: # Defensive: for CPython < 3.8.9 and 3.9.3; for PyPy < 7.3.8
pass
# Enable logging of TLS session keys via defacto standard environment variable
# 'SSLKEYLOGFILE', if the feature is available (Python 3.8+). Skip empty values.
if hasattr(context, "keylog_filename"):
sslkeylogfile = os.environ.get("SSLKEYLOGFILE")
if sslkeylogfile:
context.keylog_filename = sslkeylogfile
return context
@typing.overload
def ssl_wrap_socket(
sock: socket.socket,
keyfile: str | None = ...,
certfile: str | None = ...,
cert_reqs: int | None = ...,
ca_certs: str | None = ...,
server_hostname: str | None = ...,
ssl_version: int | None = ...,
ciphers: str | None = ...,
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
ca_cert_dir: str | None = ...,
key_password: str | None = ...,
ca_cert_data: None | str | bytes = ...,
tls_in_tls: Literal[False] = ...,
) -> ssl.SSLSocket:
...
@typing.overload
def ssl_wrap_socket(
sock: socket.socket,
keyfile: str | None = ...,
certfile: str | None = ...,
cert_reqs: int | None = ...,
ca_certs: str | None = ...,
server_hostname: str | None = ...,
ssl_version: int | None = ...,
ciphers: str | None = ...,
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = ...,
ca_cert_dir: str | None = ...,
key_password: str | None = ...,
ca_cert_data: None | str | bytes = ...,
tls_in_tls: bool = ...,
) -> ssl.SSLSocket | SSLTransportType:
...
def ssl_wrap_socket(
sock: socket.socket,
keyfile: str | None = None,
certfile: str | None = None,
cert_reqs: int | None = None,
ca_certs: str | None = None,
server_hostname: str | None = None,
ssl_version: int | None = None,
ciphers: str | None = None,
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext | None = None,
ca_cert_dir: str | None = None,
key_password: str | None = None,
ca_cert_data: None | str | bytes = None,
tls_in_tls: bool = False,
) -> ssl.SSLSocket | SSLTransportType:
"""
All arguments except for server_hostname, ssl_context, tls_in_tls, ca_cert_data and
ca_cert_dir have the same meaning as they do when using
:func:`ssl.create_default_context`, :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain`,
:meth:`ssl.SSLContext.set_ciphers` and :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.wrap_socket`.
:param server_hostname:
When SNI is supported, the expected hostname of the certificate
:param ssl_context:
A pre-made :class:`SSLContext` object. If none is provided, one will
be created using :func:`create_urllib3_context`.
:param ciphers:
A string of ciphers we wish the client to support.
:param ca_cert_dir:
A directory containing CA certificates in multiple separate files, as
supported by OpenSSL's -CApath flag or the capath argument to
SSLContext.load_verify_locations().
:param key_password:
Optional password if the keyfile is encrypted.
:param ca_cert_data:
Optional string containing CA certificates in PEM format suitable for
passing as the cadata parameter to SSLContext.load_verify_locations()
:param tls_in_tls:
Use SSLTransport to wrap the existing socket.
"""
context = ssl_context
if context is None:
# Note: This branch of code and all the variables in it are only used in tests.
# We should consider deprecating and removing this code.
context = create_urllib3_context(ssl_version, cert_reqs, ciphers=ciphers)
if ca_certs or ca_cert_dir or ca_cert_data:
try:
context.load_verify_locations(ca_certs, ca_cert_dir, ca_cert_data)
except OSError as e:
raise SSLError(e) from e
elif ssl_context is None and hasattr(context, "load_default_certs"):
# try to load OS default certs; works well on Windows.
context.load_default_certs()
# Attempt to detect if we get the goofy behavior of the
# keyfile being encrypted and OpenSSL asking for the
# passphrase via the terminal and instead error out.
if keyfile and key_password is None and _is_key_file_encrypted(keyfile):
raise SSLError("Client private key is encrypted, password is required")
if certfile:
if key_password is None:
context.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile)
else:
context.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile, key_password)
try:
context.set_alpn_protocols(ALPN_PROTOCOLS)
except NotImplementedError: # Defensive: in CI, we always have set_alpn_protocols
pass
ssl_sock = _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(sock, context, tls_in_tls, server_hostname)
return ssl_sock
def is_ipaddress(hostname: str | bytes) -> bool:
"""Detects whether the hostname given is an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
Also detects IPv6 addresses with Zone IDs.
:param str hostname: Hostname to examine.
:return: True if the hostname is an IP address, False otherwise.
"""
if isinstance(hostname, bytes):
# IDN A-label bytes are ASCII compatible.
hostname = hostname.decode("ascii")
return bool(_IPV4_RE.match(hostname) or _BRACELESS_IPV6_ADDRZ_RE.match(hostname))
def _is_key_file_encrypted(key_file: str) -> bool:
"""Detects if a key file is encrypted or not."""
with open(key_file) as f:
for line in f:
# Look for Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
if "ENCRYPTED" in line:
return True
return False
def _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(
sock: socket.socket,
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
tls_in_tls: bool,
server_hostname: str | None = None,
) -> ssl.SSLSocket | SSLTransportType:
if tls_in_tls:
if not SSLTransport:
# Import error, ssl is not available.
raise ProxySchemeUnsupported(
"TLS in TLS requires support for the 'ssl' module"
)
SSLTransport._validate_ssl_context_for_tls_in_tls(ssl_context)
return SSLTransport(sock, ssl_context, server_hostname)
return ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=server_hostname)

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"""The match_hostname() function from Python 3.5, essential when using SSL."""
# Note: This file is under the PSF license as the code comes from the python
# stdlib. http://docs.python.org/3/license.html
# It is modified to remove commonName support.
from __future__ import annotations
import ipaddress
import re
import typing
from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from .ssl_ import _TYPE_PEER_CERT_RET_DICT
__version__ = "3.5.0.1"
class CertificateError(ValueError):
pass
def _dnsname_match(
dn: typing.Any, hostname: str, max_wildcards: int = 1
) -> typing.Match[str] | None | bool:
"""Matching according to RFC 6125, section 6.4.3
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6125#section-6.4.3
"""
pats = []
if not dn:
return False
# Ported from python3-syntax:
# leftmost, *remainder = dn.split(r'.')
parts = dn.split(r".")
leftmost = parts[0]
remainder = parts[1:]
wildcards = leftmost.count("*")
if wildcards > max_wildcards:
# Issue #17980: avoid denials of service by refusing more
# than one wildcard per fragment. A survey of established
# policy among SSL implementations showed it to be a
# reasonable choice.
raise CertificateError(
"too many wildcards in certificate DNS name: " + repr(dn)
)
# speed up common case w/o wildcards
if not wildcards:
return bool(dn.lower() == hostname.lower())
# RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 1.
# The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier in which
# the wildcard character comprises a label other than the left-most label.
if leftmost == "*":
# When '*' is a fragment by itself, it matches a non-empty dotless
# fragment.
pats.append("[^.]+")
elif leftmost.startswith("xn--") or hostname.startswith("xn--"):
# RFC 6125, section 6.4.3, subitem 3.
# The client SHOULD NOT attempt to match a presented identifier
# where the wildcard character is embedded within an A-label or
# U-label of an internationalized domain name.
pats.append(re.escape(leftmost))
else:
# Otherwise, '*' matches any dotless string, e.g. www*
pats.append(re.escape(leftmost).replace(r"\*", "[^.]*"))
# add the remaining fragments, ignore any wildcards
for frag in remainder:
pats.append(re.escape(frag))
pat = re.compile(r"\A" + r"\.".join(pats) + r"\Z", re.IGNORECASE)
return pat.match(hostname)
def _ipaddress_match(ipname: str, host_ip: IPv4Address | IPv6Address) -> bool:
"""Exact matching of IP addresses.
RFC 9110 section 4.3.5: "A reference identity of IP-ID contains the decoded
bytes of the IP address. An IP version 4 address is 4 octets, and an IP
version 6 address is 16 octets. [...] A reference identity of type IP-ID
matches if the address is identical to an iPAddress value of the
subjectAltName extension of the certificate."
"""
# OpenSSL may add a trailing newline to a subjectAltName's IP address
# Divergence from upstream: ipaddress can't handle byte str
ip = ipaddress.ip_address(ipname.rstrip())
return bool(ip.packed == host_ip.packed)
def match_hostname(
cert: _TYPE_PEER_CERT_RET_DICT | None,
hostname: str,
hostname_checks_common_name: bool = False,
) -> None:
"""Verify that *cert* (in decoded format as returned by
SSLSocket.getpeercert()) matches the *hostname*. RFC 2818 and RFC 6125
rules are followed, but IP addresses are not accepted for *hostname*.
CertificateError is raised on failure. On success, the function
returns nothing.
"""
if not cert:
raise ValueError(
"empty or no certificate, match_hostname needs a "
"SSL socket or SSL context with either "
"CERT_OPTIONAL or CERT_REQUIRED"
)
try:
# Divergence from upstream: ipaddress can't handle byte str
#
# The ipaddress module shipped with Python < 3.9 does not support
# scoped IPv6 addresses so we unconditionally strip the Zone IDs for
# now. Once we drop support for Python 3.9 we can remove this branch.
if "%" in hostname:
host_ip = ipaddress.ip_address(hostname[: hostname.rfind("%")])
else:
host_ip = ipaddress.ip_address(hostname)
except ValueError:
# Not an IP address (common case)
host_ip = None
dnsnames = []
san: tuple[tuple[str, str], ...] = cert.get("subjectAltName", ())
key: str
value: str
for key, value in san:
if key == "DNS":
if host_ip is None and _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
return
dnsnames.append(value)
elif key == "IP Address":
if host_ip is not None and _ipaddress_match(value, host_ip):
return
dnsnames.append(value)
# We only check 'commonName' if it's enabled and we're not verifying
# an IP address. IP addresses aren't valid within 'commonName'.
if hostname_checks_common_name and host_ip is None and not dnsnames:
for sub in cert.get("subject", ()):
for key, value in sub:
if key == "commonName":
if _dnsname_match(value, hostname):
return
dnsnames.append(value)
if len(dnsnames) > 1:
raise CertificateError(
"hostname %r "
"doesn't match either of %s" % (hostname, ", ".join(map(repr, dnsnames)))
)
elif len(dnsnames) == 1:
raise CertificateError(f"hostname {hostname!r} doesn't match {dnsnames[0]!r}")
else:
raise CertificateError("no appropriate subjectAltName fields were found")

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from __future__ import annotations
import io
import socket
import ssl
import typing
from ..exceptions import ProxySchemeUnsupported
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from typing_extensions import Literal
from .ssl_ import _TYPE_PEER_CERT_RET, _TYPE_PEER_CERT_RET_DICT
_SelfT = typing.TypeVar("_SelfT", bound="SSLTransport")
_WriteBuffer = typing.Union[bytearray, memoryview]
_ReturnValue = typing.TypeVar("_ReturnValue")
SSL_BLOCKSIZE = 16384
class SSLTransport:
"""
The SSLTransport wraps an existing socket and establishes an SSL connection.
Contrary to Python's implementation of SSLSocket, it allows you to chain
multiple TLS connections together. It's particularly useful if you need to
implement TLS within TLS.
The class supports most of the socket API operations.
"""
@staticmethod
def _validate_ssl_context_for_tls_in_tls(ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext) -> None:
"""
Raises a ProxySchemeUnsupported if the provided ssl_context can't be used
for TLS in TLS.
The only requirement is that the ssl_context provides the 'wrap_bio'
methods.
"""
if not hasattr(ssl_context, "wrap_bio"):
raise ProxySchemeUnsupported(
"TLS in TLS requires SSLContext.wrap_bio() which isn't "
"available on non-native SSLContext"
)
def __init__(
self,
socket: socket.socket,
ssl_context: ssl.SSLContext,
server_hostname: str | None = None,
suppress_ragged_eofs: bool = True,
) -> None:
"""
Create an SSLTransport around socket using the provided ssl_context.
"""
self.incoming = ssl.MemoryBIO()
self.outgoing = ssl.MemoryBIO()
self.suppress_ragged_eofs = suppress_ragged_eofs
self.socket = socket
self.sslobj = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
self.incoming, self.outgoing, server_hostname=server_hostname
)
# Perform initial handshake.
self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.do_handshake)
def __enter__(self: _SelfT) -> _SelfT:
return self
def __exit__(self, *_: typing.Any) -> None:
self.close()
def fileno(self) -> int:
return self.socket.fileno()
def read(self, len: int = 1024, buffer: typing.Any | None = None) -> int | bytes:
return self._wrap_ssl_read(len, buffer)
def recv(self, buflen: int = 1024, flags: int = 0) -> int | bytes:
if flags != 0:
raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to recv")
return self._wrap_ssl_read(buflen)
def recv_into(
self,
buffer: _WriteBuffer,
nbytes: int | None = None,
flags: int = 0,
) -> None | int | bytes:
if flags != 0:
raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to recv_into")
if nbytes is None:
nbytes = len(buffer)
return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
def sendall(self, data: bytes, flags: int = 0) -> None:
if flags != 0:
raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to sendall")
count = 0
with memoryview(data) as view, view.cast("B") as byte_view:
amount = len(byte_view)
while count < amount:
v = self.send(byte_view[count:])
count += v
def send(self, data: bytes, flags: int = 0) -> int:
if flags != 0:
raise ValueError("non-zero flags not allowed in calls to send")
return self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.write, data)
def makefile(
self,
mode: str,
buffering: int | None = None,
*,
encoding: str | None = None,
errors: str | None = None,
newline: str | None = None,
) -> typing.BinaryIO | typing.TextIO | socket.SocketIO:
"""
Python's httpclient uses makefile and buffered io when reading HTTP
messages and we need to support it.
This is unfortunately a copy and paste of socket.py makefile with small
changes to point to the socket directly.
"""
if not set(mode) <= {"r", "w", "b"}:
raise ValueError(f"invalid mode {mode!r} (only r, w, b allowed)")
writing = "w" in mode
reading = "r" in mode or not writing
assert reading or writing
binary = "b" in mode
rawmode = ""
if reading:
rawmode += "r"
if writing:
rawmode += "w"
raw = socket.SocketIO(self, rawmode) # type: ignore[arg-type]
self.socket._io_refs += 1 # type: ignore[attr-defined]
if buffering is None:
buffering = -1
if buffering < 0:
buffering = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
if buffering == 0:
if not binary:
raise ValueError("unbuffered streams must be binary")
return raw
buffer: typing.BinaryIO
if reading and writing:
buffer = io.BufferedRWPair(raw, raw, buffering) # type: ignore[assignment]
elif reading:
buffer = io.BufferedReader(raw, buffering)
else:
assert writing
buffer = io.BufferedWriter(raw, buffering)
if binary:
return buffer
text = io.TextIOWrapper(buffer, encoding, errors, newline)
text.mode = mode # type: ignore[misc]
return text
def unwrap(self) -> None:
self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.unwrap)
def close(self) -> None:
self.socket.close()
@typing.overload
def getpeercert(
self, binary_form: Literal[False] = ...
) -> _TYPE_PEER_CERT_RET_DICT | None:
...
@typing.overload
def getpeercert(self, binary_form: Literal[True]) -> bytes | None:
...
def getpeercert(self, binary_form: bool = False) -> _TYPE_PEER_CERT_RET:
return self.sslobj.getpeercert(binary_form) # type: ignore[return-value]
def version(self) -> str | None:
return self.sslobj.version()
def cipher(self) -> tuple[str, str, int] | None:
return self.sslobj.cipher()
def selected_alpn_protocol(self) -> str | None:
return self.sslobj.selected_alpn_protocol()
def selected_npn_protocol(self) -> str | None:
return self.sslobj.selected_npn_protocol()
def shared_ciphers(self) -> list[tuple[str, str, int]] | None:
return self.sslobj.shared_ciphers()
def compression(self) -> str | None:
return self.sslobj.compression()
def settimeout(self, value: float | None) -> None:
self.socket.settimeout(value)
def gettimeout(self) -> float | None:
return self.socket.gettimeout()
def _decref_socketios(self) -> None:
self.socket._decref_socketios() # type: ignore[attr-defined]
def _wrap_ssl_read(self, len: int, buffer: bytearray | None = None) -> int | bytes:
try:
return self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.read, len, buffer)
except ssl.SSLError as e:
if e.errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_EOF and self.suppress_ragged_eofs:
return 0 # eof, return 0.
else:
raise
# func is sslobj.do_handshake or sslobj.unwrap
@typing.overload
def _ssl_io_loop(self, func: typing.Callable[[], None]) -> None:
...
# func is sslobj.write, arg1 is data
@typing.overload
def _ssl_io_loop(self, func: typing.Callable[[bytes], int], arg1: bytes) -> int:
...
# func is sslobj.read, arg1 is len, arg2 is buffer
@typing.overload
def _ssl_io_loop(
self,
func: typing.Callable[[int, bytearray | None], bytes],
arg1: int,
arg2: bytearray | None,
) -> bytes:
...
def _ssl_io_loop(
self,
func: typing.Callable[..., _ReturnValue],
arg1: None | bytes | int = None,
arg2: bytearray | None = None,
) -> _ReturnValue:
"""Performs an I/O loop between incoming/outgoing and the socket."""
should_loop = True
ret = None
while should_loop:
errno = None
try:
if arg1 is None and arg2 is None:
ret = func()
elif arg2 is None:
ret = func(arg1)
else:
ret = func(arg1, arg2)
except ssl.SSLError as e:
if e.errno not in (ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ, ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE):
# WANT_READ, and WANT_WRITE are expected, others are not.
raise e
errno = e.errno
buf = self.outgoing.read()
self.socket.sendall(buf)
if errno is None:
should_loop = False
elif errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
buf = self.socket.recv(SSL_BLOCKSIZE)
if buf:
self.incoming.write(buf)
else:
self.incoming.write_eof()
return typing.cast(_ReturnValue, ret)

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from __future__ import annotations
import time
import typing
from enum import Enum
from socket import getdefaulttimeout
from ..exceptions import TimeoutStateError
if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
from typing_extensions import Final
class _TYPE_DEFAULT(Enum):
# This value should never be passed to socket.settimeout() so for safety we use a -1.
# socket.settimout() raises a ValueError for negative values.
token = -1
_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT: Final[_TYPE_DEFAULT] = _TYPE_DEFAULT.token
_TYPE_TIMEOUT = typing.Optional[typing.Union[float, _TYPE_DEFAULT]]
class Timeout:
"""Timeout configuration.
Timeouts can be defined as a default for a pool:
.. code-block:: python
import urllib3
timeout = urllib3.util.Timeout(connect=2.0, read=7.0)
http = urllib3.PoolManager(timeout=timeout)
resp = http.request("GET", "https://example.com/")
print(resp.status)
Or per-request (which overrides the default for the pool):
.. code-block:: python
response = http.request("GET", "https://example.com/", timeout=Timeout(10))
Timeouts can be disabled by setting all the parameters to ``None``:
.. code-block:: python
no_timeout = Timeout(connect=None, read=None)
response = http.request("GET", "https://example.com/", timeout=no_timeout)
:param total:
This combines the connect and read timeouts into one; the read timeout
will be set to the time leftover from the connect attempt. In the
event that both a connect timeout and a total are specified, or a read
timeout and a total are specified, the shorter timeout will be applied.
Defaults to None.
:type total: int, float, or None
:param connect:
The maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection
attempt to a server to succeed. Omitting the parameter will default the
connect timeout to the system default, probably `the global default
timeout in socket.py
<http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/603b4d593758/Lib/socket.py#l535>`_.
None will set an infinite timeout for connection attempts.
:type connect: int, float, or None
:param read:
The maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait between consecutive
read operations for a response from the server. Omitting the parameter
will default the read timeout to the system default, probably `the
global default timeout in socket.py
<http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/603b4d593758/Lib/socket.py#l535>`_.
None will set an infinite timeout.
:type read: int, float, or None
.. note::
Many factors can affect the total amount of time for urllib3 to return
an HTTP response.
For example, Python's DNS resolver does not obey the timeout specified
on the socket. Other factors that can affect total request time include
high CPU load, high swap, the program running at a low priority level,
or other behaviors.
In addition, the read and total timeouts only measure the time between
read operations on the socket connecting the client and the server,
not the total amount of time for the request to return a complete
response. For most requests, the timeout is raised because the server
has not sent the first byte in the specified time. This is not always
the case; if a server streams one byte every fifteen seconds, a timeout
of 20 seconds will not trigger, even though the request will take
several minutes to complete.
If your goal is to cut off any request after a set amount of wall clock
time, consider having a second "watcher" thread to cut off a slow
request.
"""
#: A sentinel object representing the default timeout value
DEFAULT_TIMEOUT: _TYPE_TIMEOUT = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
def __init__(
self,
total: _TYPE_TIMEOUT = None,
connect: _TYPE_TIMEOUT = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
read: _TYPE_TIMEOUT = _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
) -> None:
self._connect = self._validate_timeout(connect, "connect")
self._read = self._validate_timeout(read, "read")
self.total = self._validate_timeout(total, "total")
self._start_connect: float | None = None
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return f"{type(self).__name__}(connect={self._connect!r}, read={self._read!r}, total={self.total!r})"
# __str__ provided for backwards compatibility
__str__ = __repr__
@staticmethod
def resolve_default_timeout(timeout: _TYPE_TIMEOUT) -> float | None:
return getdefaulttimeout() if timeout is _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT else timeout
@classmethod
def _validate_timeout(cls, value: _TYPE_TIMEOUT, name: str) -> _TYPE_TIMEOUT:
"""Check that a timeout attribute is valid.
:param value: The timeout value to validate
:param name: The name of the timeout attribute to validate. This is
used to specify in error messages.
:return: The validated and casted version of the given value.
:raises ValueError: If it is a numeric value less than or equal to
zero, or the type is not an integer, float, or None.
"""
if value is None or value is _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
return value
if isinstance(value, bool):
raise ValueError(
"Timeout cannot be a boolean value. It must "
"be an int, float or None."
)
try:
float(value)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
raise ValueError(
"Timeout value %s was %s, but it must be an "
"int, float or None." % (name, value)
) from None
try:
if value <= 0:
raise ValueError(
"Attempted to set %s timeout to %s, but the "
"timeout cannot be set to a value less "
"than or equal to 0." % (name, value)
)
except TypeError:
raise ValueError(
"Timeout value %s was %s, but it must be an "
"int, float or None." % (name, value)
) from None
return value
@classmethod
def from_float(cls, timeout: _TYPE_TIMEOUT) -> Timeout:
"""Create a new Timeout from a legacy timeout value.
The timeout value used by httplib.py sets the same timeout on the
connect(), and recv() socket requests. This creates a :class:`Timeout`
object that sets the individual timeouts to the ``timeout`` value
passed to this function.
:param timeout: The legacy timeout value.
:type timeout: integer, float, :attr:`urllib3.util.Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT`, or None
:return: Timeout object
:rtype: :class:`Timeout`
"""
return Timeout(read=timeout, connect=timeout)
def clone(self) -> Timeout:
"""Create a copy of the timeout object
Timeout properties are stored per-pool but each request needs a fresh
Timeout object to ensure each one has its own start/stop configured.
:return: a copy of the timeout object
:rtype: :class:`Timeout`
"""
# We can't use copy.deepcopy because that will also create a new object
# for _GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, which socket.py uses as a sentinel to
# detect the user default.
return Timeout(connect=self._connect, read=self._read, total=self.total)
def start_connect(self) -> float:
"""Start the timeout clock, used during a connect() attempt
:raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: if you attempt
to start a timer that has been started already.
"""
if self._start_connect is not None:
raise TimeoutStateError("Timeout timer has already been started.")
self._start_connect = time.monotonic()
return self._start_connect
def get_connect_duration(self) -> float:
"""Gets the time elapsed since the call to :meth:`start_connect`.
:return: Elapsed time in seconds.
:rtype: float
:raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: if you attempt
to get duration for a timer that hasn't been started.
"""
if self._start_connect is None:
raise TimeoutStateError(
"Can't get connect duration for timer that has not started."
)
return time.monotonic() - self._start_connect
@property
def connect_timeout(self) -> _TYPE_TIMEOUT:
"""Get the value to use when setting a connection timeout.
This will be a positive float or integer, the value None
(never timeout), or the default system timeout.
:return: Connect timeout.
:rtype: int, float, :attr:`Timeout.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT` or None
"""
if self.total is None:
return self._connect
if self._connect is None or self._connect is _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
return self.total
return min(self._connect, self.total) # type: ignore[type-var]
@property
def read_timeout(self) -> float | None:
"""Get the value for the read timeout.
This assumes some time has elapsed in the connection timeout and
computes the read timeout appropriately.
If self.total is set, the read timeout is dependent on the amount of
time taken by the connect timeout. If the connection time has not been
established, a :exc:`~urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError` will be
raised.
:return: Value to use for the read timeout.
:rtype: int, float or None
:raises urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutStateError: If :meth:`start_connect`
has not yet been called on this object.
"""
if (
self.total is not None
and self.total is not _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
and self._read is not None
and self._read is not _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
):
# In case the connect timeout has not yet been established.
if self._start_connect is None:
return self._read
return max(0, min(self.total - self.get_connect_duration(), self._read))
elif self.total is not None and self.total is not _DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
return max(0, self.total - self.get_connect_duration())
else:
return self.resolve_default_timeout(self._read)

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from __future__ import annotations
import re
import typing
from ..exceptions import LocationParseError
from .util import to_str
# We only want to normalize urls with an HTTP(S) scheme.
# urllib3 infers URLs without a scheme (None) to be http.
_NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES = ("http", "https", None)
# Almost all of these patterns were derived from the
# 'rfc3986' module: https://github.com/python-hyper/rfc3986
_PERCENT_RE = re.compile(r"%[a-fA-F0-9]{2}")
_SCHEME_RE = re.compile(r"^(?:[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+-]*:|/)")
_URI_RE = re.compile(
r"^(?:([a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]*):)?"
r"(?://([^\\/?#]*))?"
r"([^?#]*)"
r"(?:\?([^#]*))?"
r"(?:#(.*))?$",
re.UNICODE | re.DOTALL,
)
_IPV4_PAT = r"(?:[0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}"
_HEX_PAT = "[0-9A-Fa-f]{1,4}"
_LS32_PAT = "(?:{hex}:{hex}|{ipv4})".format(hex=_HEX_PAT, ipv4=_IPV4_PAT)
_subs = {"hex": _HEX_PAT, "ls32": _LS32_PAT}
_variations = [
# 6( h16 ":" ) ls32
"(?:%(hex)s:){6}%(ls32)s",
# "::" 5( h16 ":" ) ls32
"::(?:%(hex)s:){5}%(ls32)s",
# [ h16 ] "::" 4( h16 ":" ) ls32
"(?:%(hex)s)?::(?:%(hex)s:){4}%(ls32)s",
# [ *1( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 3( h16 ":" ) ls32
"(?:(?:%(hex)s:)?%(hex)s)?::(?:%(hex)s:){3}%(ls32)s",
# [ *2( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" 2( h16 ":" ) ls32
"(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,2}%(hex)s)?::(?:%(hex)s:){2}%(ls32)s",
# [ *3( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" h16 ":" ls32
"(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,3}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s:%(ls32)s",
# [ *4( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" ls32
"(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,4}%(hex)s)?::%(ls32)s",
# [ *5( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::" h16
"(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,5}%(hex)s)?::%(hex)s",
# [ *6( h16 ":" ) h16 ] "::"
"(?:(?:%(hex)s:){0,6}%(hex)s)?::",
]
_UNRESERVED_PAT = r"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789._\-~"
_IPV6_PAT = "(?:" + "|".join([x % _subs for x in _variations]) + ")"
_ZONE_ID_PAT = "(?:%25|%)(?:[" + _UNRESERVED_PAT + "]|%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})+"
_IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT = r"\[" + _IPV6_PAT + r"(?:" + _ZONE_ID_PAT + r")?\]"
_REG_NAME_PAT = r"(?:[^\[\]%:/?#]|%[a-fA-F0-9]{2})*"
_TARGET_RE = re.compile(r"^(/[^?#]*)(?:\?([^#]*))?(?:#.*)?$")
_IPV4_RE = re.compile("^" + _IPV4_PAT + "$")
_IPV6_RE = re.compile("^" + _IPV6_PAT + "$")
_IPV6_ADDRZ_RE = re.compile("^" + _IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT + "$")
_BRACELESS_IPV6_ADDRZ_RE = re.compile("^" + _IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT[2:-2] + "$")
_ZONE_ID_RE = re.compile("(" + _ZONE_ID_PAT + r")\]$")
_HOST_PORT_PAT = ("^(%s|%s|%s)(?::0*?(|0|[1-9][0-9]{0,4}))?$") % (
_REG_NAME_PAT,
_IPV4_PAT,
_IPV6_ADDRZ_PAT,
)
_HOST_PORT_RE = re.compile(_HOST_PORT_PAT, re.UNICODE | re.DOTALL)
_UNRESERVED_CHARS = set(
"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789._-~"
)
_SUB_DELIM_CHARS = set("!$&'()*+,;=")
_USERINFO_CHARS = _UNRESERVED_CHARS | _SUB_DELIM_CHARS | {":"}
_PATH_CHARS = _USERINFO_CHARS | {"@", "/"}
_QUERY_CHARS = _FRAGMENT_CHARS = _PATH_CHARS | {"?"}
class Url(
typing.NamedTuple(
"Url",
[
("scheme", typing.Optional[str]),
("auth", typing.Optional[str]),
("host", typing.Optional[str]),
("port", typing.Optional[int]),
("path", typing.Optional[str]),
("query", typing.Optional[str]),
("fragment", typing.Optional[str]),
],
)
):
"""
Data structure for representing an HTTP URL. Used as a return value for
:func:`parse_url`. Both the scheme and host are normalized as they are
both case-insensitive according to RFC 3986.
"""
def __new__( # type: ignore[no-untyped-def]
cls,
scheme: str | None = None,
auth: str | None = None,
host: str | None = None,
port: int | None = None,
path: str | None = None,
query: str | None = None,
fragment: str | None = None,
):
if path and not path.startswith("/"):
path = "/" + path
if scheme is not None:
scheme = scheme.lower()
return super().__new__(cls, scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment)
@property
def hostname(self) -> str | None:
"""For backwards-compatibility with urlparse. We're nice like that."""
return self.host
@property
def request_uri(self) -> str:
"""Absolute path including the query string."""
uri = self.path or "/"
if self.query is not None:
uri += "?" + self.query
return uri
@property
def authority(self) -> str | None:
"""
Authority component as defined in RFC 3986 3.2.
This includes userinfo (auth), host and port.
i.e.
userinfo@host:port
"""
userinfo = self.auth
netloc = self.netloc
if netloc is None or userinfo is None:
return netloc
else:
return f"{userinfo}@{netloc}"
@property
def netloc(self) -> str | None:
"""
Network location including host and port.
If you need the equivalent of urllib.parse's ``netloc``,
use the ``authority`` property instead.
"""
if self.host is None:
return None
if self.port:
return f"{self.host}:{self.port}"
return self.host
@property
def url(self) -> str:
"""
Convert self into a url
This function should more or less round-trip with :func:`.parse_url`. The
returned url may not be exactly the same as the url inputted to
:func:`.parse_url`, but it should be equivalent by the RFC (e.g., urls
with a blank port will have : removed).
Example:
.. code-block:: python
import urllib3
U = urllib3.util.parse_url("https://google.com/mail/")
print(U.url)
# "https://google.com/mail/"
print( urllib3.util.Url("https", "username:password",
"host.com", 80, "/path", "query", "fragment"
).url
)
# "https://username:password@host.com:80/path?query#fragment"
"""
scheme, auth, host, port, path, query, fragment = self
url = ""
# We use "is not None" we want things to happen with empty strings (or 0 port)
if scheme is not None:
url += scheme + "://"
if auth is not None:
url += auth + "@"
if host is not None:
url += host
if port is not None:
url += ":" + str(port)
if path is not None:
url += path
if query is not None:
url += "?" + query
if fragment is not None:
url += "#" + fragment
return url
def __str__(self) -> str:
return self.url
@typing.overload
def _encode_invalid_chars(
component: str, allowed_chars: typing.Container[str]
) -> str: # Abstract
...
@typing.overload
def _encode_invalid_chars(
component: None, allowed_chars: typing.Container[str]
) -> None: # Abstract
...
def _encode_invalid_chars(
component: str | None, allowed_chars: typing.Container[str]
) -> str | None:
"""Percent-encodes a URI component without reapplying
onto an already percent-encoded component.
"""
if component is None:
return component
component = to_str(component)
# Normalize existing percent-encoded bytes.
# Try to see if the component we're encoding is already percent-encoded
# so we can skip all '%' characters but still encode all others.
component, percent_encodings = _PERCENT_RE.subn(
lambda match: match.group(0).upper(), component
)
uri_bytes = component.encode("utf-8", "surrogatepass")
is_percent_encoded = percent_encodings == uri_bytes.count(b"%")
encoded_component = bytearray()
for i in range(0, len(uri_bytes)):
# Will return a single character bytestring
byte = uri_bytes[i : i + 1]
byte_ord = ord(byte)
if (is_percent_encoded and byte == b"%") or (
byte_ord < 128 and byte.decode() in allowed_chars
):
encoded_component += byte
continue
encoded_component.extend(b"%" + (hex(byte_ord)[2:].encode().zfill(2).upper()))
return encoded_component.decode()
def _remove_path_dot_segments(path: str) -> str:
# See http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.4 for pseudo-code
segments = path.split("/") # Turn the path into a list of segments
output = [] # Initialize the variable to use to store output
for segment in segments:
# '.' is the current directory, so ignore it, it is superfluous
if segment == ".":
continue
# Anything other than '..', should be appended to the output
if segment != "..":
output.append(segment)
# In this case segment == '..', if we can, we should pop the last
# element
elif output:
output.pop()
# If the path starts with '/' and the output is empty or the first string
# is non-empty
if path.startswith("/") and (not output or output[0]):
output.insert(0, "")
# If the path starts with '/.' or '/..' ensure we add one more empty
# string to add a trailing '/'
if path.endswith(("/.", "/..")):
output.append("")
return "/".join(output)
@typing.overload
def _normalize_host(host: None, scheme: str | None) -> None:
...
@typing.overload
def _normalize_host(host: str, scheme: str | None) -> str:
...
def _normalize_host(host: str | None, scheme: str | None) -> str | None:
if host:
if scheme in _NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES:
is_ipv6 = _IPV6_ADDRZ_RE.match(host)
if is_ipv6:
# IPv6 hosts of the form 'a::b%zone' are encoded in a URL as
# such per RFC 6874: 'a::b%25zone'. Unquote the ZoneID
# separator as necessary to return a valid RFC 4007 scoped IP.
match = _ZONE_ID_RE.search(host)
if match:
start, end = match.span(1)
zone_id = host[start:end]
if zone_id.startswith("%25") and zone_id != "%25":
zone_id = zone_id[3:]
else:
zone_id = zone_id[1:]
zone_id = _encode_invalid_chars(zone_id, _UNRESERVED_CHARS)
return f"{host[:start].lower()}%{zone_id}{host[end:]}"
else:
return host.lower()
elif not _IPV4_RE.match(host):
return to_str(
b".".join([_idna_encode(label) for label in host.split(".")]),
"ascii",
)
return host
def _idna_encode(name: str) -> bytes:
if not name.isascii():
try:
import idna
except ImportError:
raise LocationParseError(
"Unable to parse URL without the 'idna' module"
) from None
try:
return idna.encode(name.lower(), strict=True, std3_rules=True)
except idna.IDNAError:
raise LocationParseError(
f"Name '{name}' is not a valid IDNA label"
) from None
return name.lower().encode("ascii")
def _encode_target(target: str) -> str:
"""Percent-encodes a request target so that there are no invalid characters
Pre-condition for this function is that 'target' must start with '/'.
If that is the case then _TARGET_RE will always produce a match.
"""
match = _TARGET_RE.match(target)
if not match: # Defensive:
raise LocationParseError(f"{target!r} is not a valid request URI")
path, query = match.groups()
encoded_target = _encode_invalid_chars(path, _PATH_CHARS)
if query is not None:
query = _encode_invalid_chars(query, _QUERY_CHARS)
encoded_target += "?" + query
return encoded_target
def parse_url(url: str) -> Url:
"""
Given a url, return a parsed :class:`.Url` namedtuple. Best-effort is
performed to parse incomplete urls. Fields not provided will be None.
This parser is RFC 3986 and RFC 6874 compliant.
The parser logic and helper functions are based heavily on
work done in the ``rfc3986`` module.
:param str url: URL to parse into a :class:`.Url` namedtuple.
Partly backwards-compatible with :mod:`urllib.parse`.
Example:
.. code-block:: python
import urllib3
print( urllib3.util.parse_url('http://google.com/mail/'))
# Url(scheme='http', host='google.com', port=None, path='/mail/', ...)
print( urllib3.util.parse_url('google.com:80'))
# Url(scheme=None, host='google.com', port=80, path=None, ...)
print( urllib3.util.parse_url('/foo?bar'))
# Url(scheme=None, host=None, port=None, path='/foo', query='bar', ...)
"""
if not url:
# Empty
return Url()
source_url = url
if not _SCHEME_RE.search(url):
url = "//" + url
scheme: str | None
authority: str | None
auth: str | None
host: str | None
port: str | None
port_int: int | None
path: str | None
query: str | None
fragment: str | None
try:
scheme, authority, path, query, fragment = _URI_RE.match(url).groups() # type: ignore[union-attr]
normalize_uri = scheme is None or scheme.lower() in _NORMALIZABLE_SCHEMES
if scheme:
scheme = scheme.lower()
if authority:
auth, _, host_port = authority.rpartition("@")
auth = auth or None
host, port = _HOST_PORT_RE.match(host_port).groups() # type: ignore[union-attr]
if auth and normalize_uri:
auth = _encode_invalid_chars(auth, _USERINFO_CHARS)
if port == "":
port = None
else:
auth, host, port = None, None, None
if port is not None:
port_int = int(port)
if not (0 <= port_int <= 65535):
raise LocationParseError(url)
else:
port_int = None
host = _normalize_host(host, scheme)
if normalize_uri and path:
path = _remove_path_dot_segments(path)
path = _encode_invalid_chars(path, _PATH_CHARS)
if normalize_uri and query:
query = _encode_invalid_chars(query, _QUERY_CHARS)
if normalize_uri and fragment:
fragment = _encode_invalid_chars(fragment, _FRAGMENT_CHARS)
except (ValueError, AttributeError) as e:
raise LocationParseError(source_url) from e
# For the sake of backwards compatibility we put empty
# string values for path if there are any defined values
# beyond the path in the URL.
# TODO: Remove this when we break backwards compatibility.
if not path:
if query is not None or fragment is not None:
path = ""
else:
path = None
return Url(
scheme=scheme,
auth=auth,
host=host,
port=port_int,
path=path,
query=query,
fragment=fragment,
)

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from __future__ import annotations
import typing
from types import TracebackType
def to_bytes(
x: str | bytes, encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None
) -> bytes:
if isinstance(x, bytes):
return x
elif not isinstance(x, str):
raise TypeError(f"not expecting type {type(x).__name__}")
if encoding or errors:
return x.encode(encoding or "utf-8", errors=errors or "strict")
return x.encode()
def to_str(
x: str | bytes, encoding: str | None = None, errors: str | None = None
) -> str:
if isinstance(x, str):
return x
elif not isinstance(x, bytes):
raise TypeError(f"not expecting type {type(x).__name__}")
if encoding or errors:
return x.decode(encoding or "utf-8", errors=errors or "strict")
return x.decode()
def reraise(
tp: type[BaseException] | None,
value: BaseException,
tb: TracebackType | None = None,
) -> typing.NoReturn:
try:
if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
raise value.with_traceback(tb)
raise value
finally:
value = None # type: ignore[assignment]
tb = None

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from __future__ import annotations
import select
import socket
from functools import partial
__all__ = ["wait_for_read", "wait_for_write"]
# How should we wait on sockets?
#
# There are two types of APIs you can use for waiting on sockets: the fancy
# modern stateful APIs like epoll/kqueue, and the older stateless APIs like
# select/poll. The stateful APIs are more efficient when you have a lots of
# sockets to keep track of, because you can set them up once and then use them
# lots of times. But we only ever want to wait on a single socket at a time
# and don't want to keep track of state, so the stateless APIs are actually
# more efficient. So we want to use select() or poll().
#
# Now, how do we choose between select() and poll()? On traditional Unixes,
# select() has a strange calling convention that makes it slow, or fail
# altogether, for high-numbered file descriptors. The point of poll() is to fix
# that, so on Unixes, we prefer poll().
#
# On Windows, there is no poll() (or at least Python doesn't provide a wrapper
# for it), but that's OK, because on Windows, select() doesn't have this
# strange calling convention; plain select() works fine.
#
# So: on Windows we use select(), and everywhere else we use poll(). We also
# fall back to select() in case poll() is somehow broken or missing.
def select_wait_for_socket(
sock: socket.socket,
read: bool = False,
write: bool = False,
timeout: float | None = None,
) -> bool:
if not read and not write:
raise RuntimeError("must specify at least one of read=True, write=True")
rcheck = []
wcheck = []
if read:
rcheck.append(sock)
if write:
wcheck.append(sock)
# When doing a non-blocking connect, most systems signal success by
# marking the socket writable. Windows, though, signals success by marked
# it as "exceptional". We paper over the difference by checking the write
# sockets for both conditions. (The stdlib selectors module does the same
# thing.)
fn = partial(select.select, rcheck, wcheck, wcheck)
rready, wready, xready = fn(timeout)
return bool(rready or wready or xready)
def poll_wait_for_socket(
sock: socket.socket,
read: bool = False,
write: bool = False,
timeout: float | None = None,
) -> bool:
if not read and not write:
raise RuntimeError("must specify at least one of read=True, write=True")
mask = 0
if read:
mask |= select.POLLIN
if write:
mask |= select.POLLOUT
poll_obj = select.poll()
poll_obj.register(sock, mask)
# For some reason, poll() takes timeout in milliseconds
def do_poll(t: float | None) -> list[tuple[int, int]]:
if t is not None:
t *= 1000
return poll_obj.poll(t)
return bool(do_poll(timeout))
def _have_working_poll() -> bool:
# Apparently some systems have a select.poll that fails as soon as you try
# to use it, either due to strange configuration or broken monkeypatching
# from libraries like eventlet/greenlet.
try:
poll_obj = select.poll()
poll_obj.poll(0)
except (AttributeError, OSError):
return False
else:
return True
def wait_for_socket(
sock: socket.socket,
read: bool = False,
write: bool = False,
timeout: float | None = None,
) -> bool:
# We delay choosing which implementation to use until the first time we're
# called. We could do it at import time, but then we might make the wrong
# decision if someone goes wild with monkeypatching select.poll after
# we're imported.
global wait_for_socket
if _have_working_poll():
wait_for_socket = poll_wait_for_socket
elif hasattr(select, "select"):
wait_for_socket = select_wait_for_socket
return wait_for_socket(sock, read, write, timeout)
def wait_for_read(sock: socket.socket, timeout: float | None = None) -> bool:
"""Waits for reading to be available on a given socket.
Returns True if the socket is readable, or False if the timeout expired.
"""
return wait_for_socket(sock, read=True, timeout=timeout)
def wait_for_write(sock: socket.socket, timeout: float | None = None) -> bool:
"""Waits for writing to be available on a given socket.
Returns True if the socket is readable, or False if the timeout expired.
"""
return wait_for_socket(sock, write=True, timeout=timeout)